Chapter 8, 2nd semester

Question 1

Whole body dose yearly

Answer 1

5 REM

Question 2

Hands and Feet dose yearly

Answer 2

50 REM

Question 3

Somatic and Genetic Damage factors of Radiation

Answer 3

Quantity- the quantity of ionizing radiation to which subject is exposed.
Ability- ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of human tissue.
Area- Amount of body area exposed.
Parts- Specific parts exposed.

Question 4

Ionizing radiation produces greets amount of biologic damage when a large dose of densely ionizing high ___ radiation is delivered to a large or radiosensitive area of the body.

Answer 4

LET

Question 5

LET

Answer 5

Linear Energy Transfer

Question 6

____ effects occur when living organisms experience biologic damage from exposure to radiation.

Answer 6

Somatic

Question 7

Somatic Effects classify as what two things?

Answer 7

Early Somatic or Late Somatic

Question 8

If the consequences include cell killing and are directly related to dose received, they are called _________ somatic effects.

Answer 8

deterministic

Question 9

Deterministic Somatic Effects used to be called?

Answer 9

nonstochastic somatic effects

Question 10

As radiation dose increases, the severity of early deterministic effects ______

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

Somatic Effects result in ______

Answer 11

Threshold

Question 12

Early deterministic somatic effects depend on the ____ of exposure and appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks.

Answer 12

Time

Question 13

Early deterministic somatic effects- the higher the dose the _____ the appearance of effects

Answer 13

earlier

Question 14

Possible high dose consequences=

Answer 14

nausea, fatigue, erythema, epilation (hair loss), blood disorders, dry and moist desquamation, depressed sperm count, temporary or permanent sterility.

Question 15

ARS

Answer 15

Acute Radiation Syndrome

Question 16

Divisions of ARS

Answer 16

Hematopoietic, Gastrointestinal, Cerebrovascular

Question 17

Response Stages or ARS

Answer 17

Prodromal, Latent, Manifest, Recovery or death.

Question 18

Division of ARS 1-10Gy (100-1000 Rads) -May die within 6-8 weeks due to decreased # of RBC, WBC, & platelets causing destruction of immune system.

Answer 18

Hematopoietic

Question 19

Division of ARS 10- 50Gy (1000-5000) Rads - May die within 3-10 Days due to catastrophic damage to epithelial cells that line the intestinal tract.

Answer 19

Gastrointestinal

Question 20

Division of ARS 50gy+ (5000+ Rads) - Will die within a few hours to 2-3 days due to failure of CNS and CV systems from excessive fluid resulting in increased cranial pressure.

Answer 20

Cerebrovascular

Question 21

The higher the dose the ______ the latent period

Answer 21

shorter

Question 22

Response stages of ARS. ____ or initial stage occurs within hours after whole body exposure of 1 Gy (100 Rads) Includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, leukopenia. Severity of symptoms is dose related.

Answer 22

Prodromal

Question 23

Leukopenia

Answer 23

Loss of WBC

Question 24

Response stage of ARS. _____ period occurs approximately 1 week after prodromal stage when no symptoms are visible.

Answer 24

Latent

Question 25

Response stage of ARS. _____ illness= when signed and symptoms become visible.

Answer 25

Manifest

Question 26

Response stage of ARS. _____ or ____= recovery may occur in approximately 3 months, but patient may experience long term effects of radiation.

Answer 26

Recovery or Death

Question 27

Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

Answer 27

4/26/86

Question 28

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan bombings

Answer 28

1945

Question 29

Lethal Dose 50/30 (LD 50/60)

Answer 29

whole body dose 3-4 Gy (300-400 Rads) can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days.

Question 30

Repair and Recovery can occur when cells are exposed to sublethal doses of radiation. Approximately __% of radiation induced damage in irreparable, whereas __% is able to be repaired, even though some permanent damage may occur.

Answer 30

10%, 90%

Question 31

German word for boundary

Answer 31

GRENZ

Question 32

Local Tissue Damage exposure response depends on?

Answer 32

Radiosensitivity, Reproductive Characteristics, Growth Rate

Question 33

Local Tissue Damage can lead to significant cell seat which may lead to the shrinkage of organs or tissue which is known as?

Answer 33

Atrophy

Question 34

Tissues that suffer from immediate consequences after high doses include?

Answer 34

Skin, Reproductive Organs, Bone Marrow

Question 35

Shedding of the outer layer of skin

Answer 35

desquamation (dry or moist)

Question 36

NCRP says tabletop dose for routine fluoro cannot exceed?

Answer 36

10 R/ min, 20 R/ min for High level control fluoroscopy

Question 37

Reproductive System Damage dose is as low as?

Answer 37

.1 Gy (10 Rads)

Question 38

.1 Gy (10 Rads) to the reproductive system can?

Answer 38

depress the sperm count and delay or suppress menstruation.

Question 39

Temporary Sterility

Answer 39

2Gy (200 Rads)

Question 40

Permanent Sterility

Answer 40

5-6Gy (500-600 Rads)

Question 41

Hematologic Effects may cause?

Answer 41

depressed immune system, Anemia

Question 42

Most radiosensitive cells-

Answer 42

Lymphocytes

Question 43

Least radioresistant cells

Answer 43

Lymphocytes

Question 44

Least radiosensitive cells

Answer 44

Nerve

Question 45

Most radio resistant cells

Answer 45

Nerve

Question 46

The study of cell genets with an emphasis on cell chromosomes

Answer 46

Cytogenetics

Question 47

A chromosome map that is photomicrograph taken of the cell nucleus during metaphase to demonstrate each chromosome

Answer 47

Karotype

Question 48

Cells are most sensitive to radiation damage during ____ phase

Answer 48

M (metaphase)

Question 49

____ damage is from indirect effect

Answer 49

95%

Question 50

____ damage is from direct effect

Answer 50

5%

Question 51

xx

Answer 51

female

Question 52

xy

Answer 52

Male