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Radiation Protection (green) > Chapter 8, 2nd semester > Flashcards

Chapter 8, 2nd semester Flashcards

1
Q

Whole body dose yearly

A

5 REM

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2
Q

Hands and Feet dose yearly

A

50 REM

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3
Q

Somatic and Genetic Damage factors of Radiation

A

Quantity- the quantity of ionizing radiation to which subject is exposed.
Ability- ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of human tissue.
Area- Amount of body area exposed.
Parts- Specific parts exposed.

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4
Q

Ionizing radiation produces greets amount of biologic damage when a large dose of densely ionizing high ___ radiation is delivered to a large or radiosensitive area of the body.

A

LET

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5
Q

LET

A

Linear Energy Transfer

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6
Q

____ effects occur when living organisms experience biologic damage from exposure to radiation.

A

Somatic

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7
Q

Somatic Effects classify as what two things?

A

Early Somatic or Late Somatic

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8
Q

If the consequences include cell killing and are directly related to dose received, they are called _________ somatic effects.

A

deterministic

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9
Q

Deterministic Somatic Effects used to be called?

A

nonstochastic somatic effects

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10
Q

As radiation dose increases, the severity of early deterministic effects ______

A

increase

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11
Q

Somatic Effects result in ______

A

Threshold

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12
Q

Early deterministic somatic effects depend on the ____ of exposure and appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks.

A

Time

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13
Q

Early deterministic somatic effects- the higher the dose the _____ the appearance of effects

A

earlier

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14
Q

Possible high dose consequences=

A

nausea, fatigue, erythema, epilation (hair loss), blood disorders, dry and moist desquamation, depressed sperm count, temporary or permanent sterility.

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15
Q

ARS

A

Acute Radiation Syndrome

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16
Q

Divisions of ARS

A

Hematopoietic, Gastrointestinal, Cerebrovascular

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17
Q

Response Stages or ARS

A

Prodromal, Latent, Manifest, Recovery or death.

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18
Q

Division of ARS 1-10Gy (100-1000 Rads) -May die within 6-8 weeks due to decreased # of RBC, WBC, & platelets causing destruction of immune system.

A

Hematopoietic

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19
Q

Division of ARS 10- 50Gy (1000-5000) Rads - May die within 3-10 Days due to catastrophic damage to epithelial cells that line the intestinal tract.

A

Gastrointestinal

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20
Q

Division of ARS 50gy+ (5000+ Rads) - Will die within a few hours to 2-3 days due to failure of CNS and CV systems from excessive fluid resulting in increased cranial pressure.

A

Cerebrovascular

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21
Q

The higher the dose the ______ the latent period

A

shorter

22
Q

Response stages of ARS. ____ or initial stage occurs within hours after whole body exposure of 1 Gy (100 Rads) Includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, leukopenia. Severity of symptoms is dose related.

A

Prodromal

23
Q

Leukopenia

A

Loss of WBC

24
Q

Response stage of ARS. _____ period occurs approximately 1 week after prodromal stage when no symptoms are visible.

A

Latent

25
Q

Response stage of ARS. _____ illness= when signed and symptoms become visible.

A

Manifest

26
Q

Response stage of ARS. _____ or ____= recovery may occur in approximately 3 months, but patient may experience long term effects of radiation.

A

Recovery or Death

27
Q

Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

A

4/26/86

28
Q

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan bombings

A

1945

29
Q

Lethal Dose 50/30 (LD 50/60)

A

whole body dose 3-4 Gy (300-400 Rads) can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days.

30
Q

Repair and Recovery can occur when cells are exposed to sublethal doses of radiation. Approximately __% of radiation induced damage in irreparable, whereas __% is able to be repaired, even though some permanent damage may occur.

A

10%, 90%

31
Q

German word for boundary

A

GRENZ

32
Q

Local Tissue Damage exposure response depends on?

A

Radiosensitivity, Reproductive Characteristics, Growth Rate

33
Q

Local Tissue Damage can lead to significant cell seat which may lead to the shrinkage of organs or tissue which is known as?

A

Atrophy

34
Q

Tissues that suffer from immediate consequences after high doses include?

A

Skin, Reproductive Organs, Bone Marrow

35
Q

Shedding of the outer layer of skin

A

desquamation (dry or moist)

36
Q

NCRP says tabletop dose for routine fluoro cannot exceed?

A

10 R/ min, 20 R/ min for High level control fluoroscopy

37
Q

Reproductive System Damage dose is as low as?

A

.1 Gy (10 Rads)

38
Q

.1 Gy (10 Rads) to the reproductive system can?

A

depress the sperm count and delay or suppress menstruation.

39
Q

Temporary Sterility

A

2Gy (200 Rads)

40
Q

Permanent Sterility

A

5-6Gy (500-600 Rads)

41
Q

Hematologic Effects may cause?

A

depressed immune system, Anemia

42
Q

Most radiosensitive cells-

A

Lymphocytes

43
Q

Least radioresistant cells

A

Lymphocytes

44
Q

Least radiosensitive cells

A

Nerve

45
Q

Most radio resistant cells

A

Nerve

46
Q

The study of cell genets with an emphasis on cell chromosomes

A

Cytogenetics

47
Q

A chromosome map that is photomicrograph taken of the cell nucleus during metaphase to demonstrate each chromosome

A

Karotype

48
Q

Cells are most sensitive to radiation damage during ____ phase

A

M (metaphase)

49
Q

____ damage is from indirect effect

A

95%

50
Q

____ damage is from direct effect

A

5%

51
Q

xx

A

female

52
Q

xy

A

Male

Radiation Protection (green) (4 decks)

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