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Radiologic Positioning I > Rad Positioning - Test 1 > Flashcards

Rad Positioning - Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

High contrast– long or short scale?

A

short scale
mostly black & white

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2
Q

Low contrast - long or short scale?

A

long scale
many shades of gray

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3
Q

OID

A

object to image receptor distance

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4
Q

SID

A

source to image receptor distance

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5
Q

Caudad angle

A

towards the feet

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6
Q

Cephalad angle

A

towards the head

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7
Q

Osteology

A

study of bones

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8
Q

Arthrology

A

study of joints

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9
Q

Tangential projection

A

CR skims a body part
Image is free of superimposition of
other body parts

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10
Q

Anatomic position

A

standing upright position facing forward w/palms facing forward

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11
Q

Projection

A

path/direction of X-ray beam

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12
Q

Cause of most repeat X-rays

A

poor communication

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13
Q

Coronal / Mid-coronal

A

longitudinal plane dividing body into anterior and posterior parts

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14
Q

Sagital / Mid-sagital

A

longitudinal plane dividing body into right and left parts

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15
Q

CR

A

central ray

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16
Q

IR

A

image receptor

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17
Q

Lateral decubitus position

A

recumbent lateral position w/ AP or PA
projection
CR is horizontal

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18
Q

Patient is laying laterally on left side decubitus position… view air/fluid in right/left lung?

A

view fluid in left lung – gravity
view air in right lung

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19
Q

Patient is laying laterally on right side decubitus position… view air/fluid in right/left lung?

A

view fluid in right lung – gravity
view air in left lung

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20
Q

Anterior surface of hand

A

palmar surface

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21
Q

Posterior surface of hand

A

dorsal surface

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22
Q

Proximal

A

parts nearer to center of body

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23
Q

Distal

A

parts farther away from center of body

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24
Q

Lateral

A

parts away from midline of body

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25
Q

Medial

A

parts toward midline of body

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26
Q

Supine

A

lying on back

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27
Q

Prone

A

lying on front

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28
Q

Superior

A

towards the top of body

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29
Q

Inferior

A

towards the bottom of body

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30
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

forward/front of body

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31
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

back of body

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32
Q

Type of synovial joint of knee

A

bicondylar

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33
Q

Type of synovial joint of hips

A

spheroidal (ball and socket)

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34
Q

Type of synovial joint of wrist

A

ellipsoid (condyloid)

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35
Q

Type of synovial joint of elbow

A

ginglymus (hinge)

36
Q

Axial skeleton

A

bones of central axis of body
80 bones
skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

37
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of upper/lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle
126 bones

38
Q

3 rules for radiation protection

A

time
distance
shielding

39
Q

Erect position

A

standing up

40
Q

Recumbent position

A

lying down

41
Q

Anterior surface of feet

A

dorsum surface
not “dorsal”

42
Q

Posterior surface of feet

A

plantar surface

43
Q

Patient getting AP supine chest X-ray
What can be done to reduce magnification?

A

increase SID
decrease OID

44
Q

Patient’s right hand is bleeding.
X-ray order is for left hand.
What should you do?

A

Verify patient’s name and birthday
Double check with technologist/doctor to confirm correct X-ray was ordered

45
Q

Synarthrodial joint

A

immovable

46
Q

Amphiarthrodial joint

A

limited movement

47
Q

Diarthrodial joint

A

freely movable

48
Q

Dorsal recumbent

A

lying on back

49
Q

Ventral recumbent

A

lying face down

50
Q

(Right or left) Lateral recumbent

A

lying on side

51
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

recumbent tilted body position with head lower than the feet

52
Q

Fowler position

A

recumbent tilted body position with head higher than the feet

53
Q

Sims position

A

recumbent oblique position lying on left side with right knee & thigh flexed

54
Q

Lithotomy position

A

recumbent supine position with knees/hips flexed and abducted

55
Q

Dorsal decubitus position

A

recumbent supine position w/ horizontal CR projection

56
Q

Ventral decubitus position

A

recumbent prone position w/ horizontal CR projection

57
Q

When joint is flexed, the angle between parts is _________

A

decreased

58
Q

When joint is extended, the angle between parts is _________

A

increased

59
Q

Supination

A

rotational movement of hand into anatomical position (palm facing up)

60
Q

Pronation

A

rotational movement of hand into opposite of anatomic position (palm facing down)

61
Q

Minimum of ___ projections that are ___ degrees apart for most radiographic procedures

A

2 projections
90 degrees apart

62
Q

Minimum of ___ projections when joints are in prime interest area

A

3 projections:
-AP or PA
-lateral
-oblique

63
Q

kVp

A

kilovoltage peak
controls the energy (penetrating power) of X-ray beam

64
Q

mA

A

milliamperage
controls the number of X-rays produced

65
Q

ms

A

milliseconds
controls the exposure time

66
Q

mAs

A

milliampere-seconds
mA x time
exposure time
controls the number of X-rays

67
Q

Voluntary/involuntary motion can be minimized by

A

high mA
shorter exposure time
faster IR imaging system

68
Q

4 factors causing distortion

A

SID
OID
Object - IR alignment
CR alignment or centering

69
Q

mAs is controlling factor of _____

A

density

70
Q

Contrast

A

differences in density between adjacent
areas of image
controlling factor: kVp

71
Q

kVp is controlling factor of _____

A

contrast

72
Q

Higher kVp results in higher or lower contrast?

A

lower contrast

73
Q

Lower kVp result in higher or lower contrast?

A

higher contrast

74
Q

Density

A

Amount of blackness on image
Primary controlling factor: mAs
Secondary controlling factor: kVp
Influencing factors: SID, screen & IR speed

75
Q

ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

76
Q

What is magnification effect on image if OID is increased/decreased?

A

increase OID - more magnification
decrease OID - less magnification

77
Q

How would you explain LPO position?

A

left posterior against image receptor

78
Q

Collimation

A

restriction of X-ray beam

79
Q

Axial projection

A

CR is greater than 10 degree angle along long axis of body or part

80
Q

Effect of small focal spot

A

results in sharper image
less penumbra

81
Q

What is resolution effect on image if SID is increased/decreased?

A

increase SID - better resolution
decrease SID - worse resolution

82
Q

What is resolution effect on image if OID is increased/decreased?

A

increase OID - worse resolution
decrease OID - better resolution

83
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Sharpness of structures on image
Controlling factors: pixel size, display matrix

84
Q

Noise

A

Random disturbance that reduces image clarity
High SNR is desirable
Low SNR is undesirable

85
Q

3 geometric factors that control image resolution

A

focal spot size
SID
OID

Radiologic Positioning I (8 decks)

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