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Radiologic Positioning I > Rad Positioning - Abdomen Full Deck > Flashcards

Rad Positioning - Abdomen Full Deck Flashcards

1
Q

AP Abdomen (KUB)

A

Demonstrates borders of psoas major muscles

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2
Q

KUB

A

Kidneys
Ureter
Bladder

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3
Q

Radiography significant abdominal muscles

A

Diaphragm
Psoas

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4
Q

Diaphragm

A

Umbrella-shaped
Separates thoracic & abdominal cavities

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5
Q

Psoas

A

Lateral to vertebral column
Visible on abdominal radiograph

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6
Q

3 accessory organs of digestion

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Note: Pwrpt slide incorrectly states Spleen as 4th accessory organ

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7
Q

3 segments of Small Intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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8
Q

Duodenum

A

1st segment of small intestine
Shortest & widest diameter
“C” loop appearance

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9
Q

Duodenal bulb or cap

A

Proximal portion of duodenum

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10
Q

Ducts that drain into duodenum

A

Ducts from:
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

Acronym: Ladies Professional Golf

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11
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle segment of small intestine
2/5 of remaining small bowel
Central & lower in abdominal cavity

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12
Q

Ileum

A

3rd segment of small intestine
3/5 of remaining small bowel

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13
Q

Cecum

A

Large bowel

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14
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Connection between ileum and cecum

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15
Q

Large intestine

A

Appendix
Colon - Ascending, Transverse, Descending
Cecum
Ileocecal valve
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus

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16
Q

Pancreas

A

Lies transverse & posterior to stomach
Not seen on plain abdominal X-ray
Head of pancreas lies in “C” loop
Endocrine function - produces insulin

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17
Q

Liver

A

RUQ location
Produces bile for digestion
Exocrine function - produces digestive juices to move food thru duodenum

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18
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile
Can be seen with contrast enhancement
Usually seen with ultrasound

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19
Q

Urinary System

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urethra
1 bladder
2 suprarenal adrenal glands

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20
Q

Excretory or Intravenous Urogram (IVU)

A

Faint visualization of kidneys on KUB
Injection - contrast media
IVP term used in past - not fully accurate

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21
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A

Old term for current IVU term
Not fully accurate - pyelo refers to renal pelvis of kidney only

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22
Q

True/False: Stomach’s shape, size, position varies between individuals

A

True

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23
Q

Connection between large & small bowel is called _____

A

Ileocecal valve

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24
Q

Which is not an abdominal organ?
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Thymus
- Adrenal gland

A

Thymus

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25
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double walled membran enclosing most abdominal organs
Contains some lubricating fluid

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26
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Outer layer adheres to abdominal wall

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27
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Inner layer adheres to organs

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28
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Space between parietal & visceral peritoneum
Potential cavity - filled w/ bowel & other organs

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29
Q

Omentum

A

a.k.a. Fatty Apron
Double fold peritoneum extending from stomach to another organ

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30
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Extends superiorly from lesser curvature of stomach to portions of liver

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31
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Connects transverse colon to greater curvature of stomach inferiorly
Drapes down over small bowel - provides insulation between interior & exterior

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32
Q

9 Intraperitoneal Organs

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Spleen
Stomach
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

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33
Q

8 Retroperitoneal Organs

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending & descending colon
Upper rectum
Major abdominal blood vessels (aorta & IVC)

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34
Q

5 Infraperitoneal Organs

A

Lower rectum
Urinary bladder
Reproductive organs
Male - closed sac
Female - open sac (the female uterus, tubes & ovaries, extending into peritoneal cavity)

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35
Q

Outer lining of peritoneum covering walls of peritoneal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

36
Q

What is called the “fatty apron”?

A

Omentum

37
Q

Which is infraperitoneal?
- Kidneys
- Pancreas
- Aorta
- Urinary bladder

A

Urinary bladder

38
Q

7 things in RUQ

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Right colic flexure
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney
Right suprarenal

39
Q

6 things in LUQ

A

Spleen
Stomach
Left colic flexure
Tail of pancreas
Left kidney
Left suprarenal

40
Q

5 things in RLQ

A

Ascending colon
Appendix
Cecum
2/3 Ileum
Ileocecal valve

41
Q

3 things in LLQ

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
2/3 Jejunum

42
Q

9 Abdominal regions

A

Right hypochrondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lateral (lumbar)
Umbilical
Left lateral (lumbar)
Right inguinal (iliac)
Pubic (hypogastric)
Left inguinal (iliac)

43
Q

Xiphoid process location

A

T9 - T10

44
Q

Inferior costal margin location

A

L2 - L3

45
Q

Iliac crest

A

L4 - L5

46
Q

3 Mid/upper abdomen landmarks

A

Xiphoid process - T9 - T10
Inferior costal margin - L2 - L3
Iliac crest - L4 - L5

47
Q

4 Lower abdomen/pelvic landmarks

A

ASIS
Greater trochanter
Symphysis pubis
Ischial tuberosity

48
Q

What 2 large abdominal muscles extend parallel to lumbar spine & are indicators of well-exposed KUB?

A

Psoas major

49
Q

Which of following is not an accessory organ for digestion?
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gallbladder

A

Spleen

50
Q

Pancreas is classified as _____ structure

A

Retroperitoneal

51
Q

Appendix is usually in which quadrant?

A

RLQ

52
Q

If patient indicates pain in left lower anterior rib area - which quadrant?

A

LUQ

53
Q

If patient indicates pain near xiphoid tip - which abdominal area?

A

Epigastric

54
Q

Topographic landmark for middle of abdomen

A

Iliac crest

55
Q

3 positions for Abdomen

A

KUB
Acute abdomen series
Decubitus positions

56
Q

3 Acute Abdomen Series

A

AP supine abdomen
AP erect abdomen
PA erect chest

57
Q

2 Decubitus abdomen positions

A

Lateral decubitus
Dorsal decubitus

58
Q

What is kVP for AP Erect abdomen

A

70-80 kVp

59
Q

Routine abdomen

A

AP supine (KUB)

60
Q

CR location for AP Supine abdomen

A

Center to iliac crest

61
Q

Evaluation criteria for AP Supine abdomen

A

Symphysis pubis included
Kidneys & lower liver margin included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

62
Q

CR location for PA Prone abdomen

A

Center to iliac crest

63
Q

Evaluation criteria for PA Prone abdomen

A

Symphysis pubis included
Kidneys & lower liver margin included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

64
Q

CR location for Left Lateral Decubitus

A

2 inches above iliac crest

65
Q

Evaluation criteria for Left Lateral Decubitus

A

Diaphragm Included
Both sides of body included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

66
Q

CR location for Erect AP Abdomen

A

2 inches above iliac crest

67
Q

Evaluation criteria for Erect AP Abdomen

A

Diaphragm included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

68
Q

CR location for Dorsal Decubitus Right Lateral

A

2 inches above iliac crest to midcoronal plane

69
Q

Evaluation criteria for Dorsal Decubitus Right Lateral

A

Diaphragm included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

70
Q

CR location for Right Lateral Abdomen

A

???

71
Q

Evaluation criteria for Right Lateral Abdomen

A

Diaphragm included
No rotation
No motion
Exposure factors optimal

72
Q

Ileus

A

Nonmechanical bowel obstruction
Inability of intestine (bowel) to contract normally & move waste out
Paralysis of movement to the bowel

73
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid

74
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

Free air or gas in peritoneal cavity

75
Q

Perforated hollow viscus

A

Loss of GI wall integrity w/ leakage of contents

76
Q

Intra-abdominal mass

A

Abnormal growth occurring in abdomen

77
Q

6 Clinical indications for Acute Abdomen Series

A

Ileus
Intra-abdominal mass
Ascites
Pneumoperitoneum
Post-op abdominal surgery
Perforated hollow viscus

Acronym: Ileus [Elias] Is A Professional Post-op Performer

78
Q

Acute Abdomen Series - 3-Way

A

AP erect
AP supine
PA chest

79
Q

Acute Abdomen Series - 2-Way

A

AP supine
AP erect or Left lateral decubitus - must include diaphragm

80
Q

AP Supine abdomen - 2 or 3 Way?

A

Both 2-Way & 3-Way

81
Q

Pathological condition - twisting of loop of intestine creating an obstruction

A

Volvulus

82
Q

What is the preferred length of time a patient should lie on side prior to lateral decubitus projection?

A

10 - 20 min
Mayo: 10-20 sec or positioning time

83
Q

CR location for AP erect abdomen projection as part of acute abdomen series?

A

1 to 2 inches above iliac crest

84
Q

What is kVp for abdomen?

A

70-80 kVp

85
Q

Intussusceptions

A

Telescoping of bowel onto itself
More common in children
Necrosis in 48 hrs

86
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

Chronic inflammation causing fistulas between loops of SB - young adults

87
Q

Ulcerative coilitis

A

Chronic inflammation & extreme dilation of colon
No barium administered

Radiologic Positioning I (8 decks)

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