Rad Positioning - Abdomen Full Deck Flashcards by Daniel K

AP Abdomen (KUB)

Demonstrates borders of psoas major muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

KUB

Kidneys
Ureter
Bladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radiography significant abdominal muscles

Diaphragm
Psoas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diaphragm

Umbrella-shaped
Separates thoracic & abdominal cavities

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Psoas

Lateral to vertebral column
Visible on abdominal radiograph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 accessory organs of digestion

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Note: Pwrpt slide incorrectly states Spleen as 4th accessory organ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 segments of Small Intestine

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Duodenum

1st segment of small intestine
Shortest & widest diameter
“C” loop appearance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Duodenal bulb or cap

Proximal portion of duodenum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ducts that drain into duodenum

Ducts from:
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

Acronym: Ladies Professional Golf

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Jejunum

Middle segment of small intestine
2/5 of remaining small bowel
Central & lower in abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ileum

3rd segment of small intestine
3/5 of remaining small bowel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cecum

Large bowel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ileocecal valve

Connection between ileum and cecum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Large intestine

Appendix
Colon - Ascending, Transverse, Descending
Cecum
Ileocecal valve
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pancreas

Lies transverse & posterior to stomach
Not seen on plain abdominal X-ray
Head of pancreas lies in “C” loop
Endocrine function - produces insulin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Liver

RUQ location
Produces bile for digestion
Exocrine function - produces digestive juices to move food thru duodenum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gallbladder

Stores bile
Can be seen with contrast enhancement
Usually seen with ultrasound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Urinary System

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urethra
1 bladder
2 suprarenal adrenal glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Excretory or Intravenous Urogram (IVU)

Faint visualization of kidneys on KUB
Injection - contrast media
IVP term used in past - not fully accurate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

Old term for current IVU term
Not fully accurate - pyelo refers to renal pelvis of kidney only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

True/False: Stomach’s shape, size, position varies between individuals

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Connection between large & small bowel is called _____

Ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which is not an abdominal organ?
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Thymus
- Adrenal gland

Thymus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peritoneum

Double walled membran enclosing most abdominal organs Contains some lubricating fluid

Parietal Peritoneum

Outer layer adheres to abdominal wall

Visceral Peritoneum

Inner layer adheres to organs

Peritoneal Cavity

Space between parietal & visceral peritoneum Potential cavity - filled w/ bowel & other organs

Omentum

a.k.a. Fatty Apron Double fold peritoneum extending from stomach to another organ

Lesser Omentum

Extends superiorly from lesser curvature of stomach to portions of liver

Greater Omentum

Connects transverse colon to greater curvature of stomach inferiorly Drapes down over small bowel - provides insulation between interior & exterior

9 Intraperitoneal Organs

Liver Gallbladder Spleen Stomach Jejunum Ileum Cecum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon

8 Retroperitoneal Organs

Kidneys Ureters Adrenal glands Pancreas Duodenum Ascending & descending colon Upper rectum Major abdominal blood vessels (aorta & IVC)

5 Infraperitoneal Organs

Lower rectum Urinary bladder Reproductive organs Male - closed sac Female - open sac (the female uterus, tubes & ovaries, extending into peritoneal cavity)

Outer lining of peritoneum covering walls of peritoneal cavity

Parietal peritoneum

What is called the "fatty apron"?

Omentum

Which is infraperitoneal? - Kidneys - Pancreas - Aorta - Urinary bladder

Urinary bladder

7 things in RUQ

Liver Gallbladder Right colic flexure Duodenum Head of pancreas Right kidney Right suprarenal

6 things in LUQ

Spleen Stomach Left colic flexure Tail of pancreas Left kidney Left suprarenal

5 things in RLQ

Ascending colon Appendix Cecum 2/3 Ileum Ileocecal valve

3 things in LLQ

Descending colon Sigmoid colon 2/3 Jejunum

9 Abdominal regions

Right hypochrondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lateral (lumbar) Umbilical Left lateral (lumbar) Right inguinal (iliac) Pubic (hypogastric) Left inguinal (iliac)

Xiphoid process location

T9 - T10

Inferior costal margin location

L2 - L3

Iliac crest

L4 - L5

3 Mid/upper abdomen landmarks

Xiphoid process - T9 - T10 Inferior costal margin - L2 - L3 Iliac crest - L4 - L5

4 Lower abdomen/pelvic landmarks

ASIS Greater trochanter Symphysis pubis Ischial tuberosity

What 2 large abdominal muscles extend parallel to lumbar spine & are indicators of well-exposed KUB?

Psoas major

Which of following is not an accessory organ for digestion? - Spleen - Pancreas - Liver - Gallbladder

Spleen

Pancreas is classified as _____ structure

Retroperitoneal

Appendix is usually in which quadrant?

RLQ

If patient indicates pain in left lower anterior rib area - which quadrant?

LUQ

If patient indicates pain near xiphoid tip - which abdominal area?

Epigastric

Topographic landmark for middle of abdomen

Iliac crest

3 positions for Abdomen

KUB Acute abdomen series Decubitus positions

3 Acute Abdomen Series

AP supine abdomen AP erect abdomen PA erect chest

2 Decubitus abdomen positions

Lateral decubitus Dorsal decubitus

What is kVP for AP Erect abdomen

70-80 kVp

Routine abdomen

AP supine (KUB)

CR location for AP Supine abdomen

Center to iliac crest

Evaluation criteria for AP Supine abdomen

Symphysis pubis included Kidneys & lower liver margin included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

CR location for PA Prone abdomen

Center to iliac crest

Evaluation criteria for PA Prone abdomen

Symphysis pubis included Kidneys & lower liver margin included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

CR location for Left Lateral Decubitus

2 inches above iliac crest

Evaluation criteria for Left Lateral Decubitus

Diaphragm Included Both sides of body included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

CR location for Erect AP Abdomen

2 inches above iliac crest

Evaluation criteria for Erect AP Abdomen

Diaphragm included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

CR location for Dorsal Decubitus Right Lateral

2 inches above iliac crest to midcoronal plane

Evaluation criteria for Dorsal Decubitus Right Lateral

Diaphragm included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

CR location for Right Lateral Abdomen

???

Evaluation criteria for Right Lateral Abdomen

Diaphragm included No rotation No motion Exposure factors optimal

Ileus

Nonmechanical bowel obstruction Inability of intestine (bowel) to contract normally & move waste out Paralysis of movement to the bowel

Ascites

Accumulation of fluid

Pneumoperitoneum

Free air or gas in peritoneal cavity

Perforated hollow viscus

Loss of GI wall integrity w/ leakage of contents

Intra-abdominal mass

Abnormal growth occurring in abdomen

6 Clinical indications for Acute Abdomen Series

Ileus Intra-abdominal mass Ascites Pneumoperitoneum Post-op abdominal surgery Perforated hollow viscus Acronym: Ileus [Elias] Is A Professional Post-op Performer

Acute Abdomen Series - 3-Way

AP erect AP supine PA chest

Acute Abdomen Series - 2-Way

AP supine AP erect or Left lateral decubitus - must include diaphragm

AP Supine abdomen - 2 or 3 Way?

Both 2-Way & 3-Way

Pathological condition - twisting of loop of intestine creating an obstruction

Volvulus

What is the preferred length of time a patient should lie on side prior to lateral decubitus projection?

10 - 20 min Mayo: 10-20 sec or positioning time

CR location for AP erect abdomen projection as part of acute abdomen series?

1 to 2 inches above iliac crest

What is kVp for abdomen?

70-80 kVp

Intussusceptions

Telescoping of bowel onto itself More common in children Necrosis in 48 hrs

Crohn's Disease

Chronic inflammation causing fistulas between loops of SB - young adults

Ulcerative coilitis

Chronic inflammation & extreme dilation of colon No barium administered