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Clinical Psychology > Racism In Psychology > Flashcards

Racism In Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is race?

A

Social & political construct, often defined by skin colour
Not based on scientific fact

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2
Q

What is racism?

A

Prejudice, discrimination or antagonism by an individual, community or institution against person/ people based on their membership of a particular racial/ ethical group, typically minority/ marginalised

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3
Q

What are the types of racism?

A

Explicit
Implicit
Institutional

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4
Q

What is explicit racism?

A

Any speech/ behaviours that demonstrate a conscious acknowledgement of racist attitudes/ beliefs

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5
Q

What is implicit racism?

A

Unconscious biases, expectations or tendencies that exist within an individual, regardless of ill-will or self-awareness prejudices

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6
Q

What is institutionalised racism?

A

Discrimination/ unequal treatment based on membership of particular ethnic group, arising from systems. Structures or expectations that have become established in an institution

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7
Q

What are microaggressions?

A

Brief, everyday exchanges sending degenerating messages to certain individuals because of group membership

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8
Q

What are the levels of racism?

A

Institutional
Interpersonal
Internalised

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9
Q

What is included in the institutional level of racism?

A

Societal norms
Structural barriers
Inaction in face of need

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10
Q

What is included in the interpersonal level of racism?

A

Intentional/ unintentional
Acts of commission/ omission

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11
Q

What is included in the internalised level of racism?

A

Reflects system of privilege & societal values
Erodes individual sense of value

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12
Q

What are 5 areas of racism in clinical psychology

A

Eurocentric approaches
Conceptualisation of distress
Models, theories & interventions
Barriers to access
Lack of culturally appropriate services

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13
Q

What are Eurocentric approaches?

A

Influenced by Eurocentric models that assume western norms & practices more valid than those of non-dominant cultures (Wood & Patel, 2017)
Western ideologies prioritise self over community
Clinical psychology profession 85% white in 2015

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14
Q

How is distress conceptualised?

A

Influenced by Eurocentric approach
Services routinely dismiss & pathologise people from racialised groups
Not psychologically minded, culturally backward, lack insight
Racialised groups more likely to be diagnosed with MH problem but not get treatment until extreme

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15
Q

How are models, theories & interventions uninclusive?

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - derive from Blackfoot nation tribes & changed for individualism - not credited
Mindfulness - Asian faith philosophies but white washed - cherry pick
Theory of evolution - fact but not all believe
CBT - prioritise rational thinking & objective evidence over subjective reality & lived experience, invalidating collective trauma

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16
Q

What are barriers to accessing help?

A

Only provide mainstream services based on Eurocentric models
Western understanding, models & stigma

17
Q

How do we lack culturally appropriate services?

A

75% professionals believe their service meets cultural needs of racialised groups but only 10% talking therapies to background into consideration (Mind 2013)

18
Q

What are the steps to becoming anti-racist based on Ibram Kendi (2019)?

A

Fear zone
Learning zone
Growth zone
Non-linear movement between zones

19
Q

What is the importance of self-reflection?

A

Recognise own privileges & biases
Talk to people who are different & think different
Use reflective spaces to explore

20
Q

What is the co-construction of meaning?

A

Using clients understanding of difficulties in your formulation
Adopt non-judgemental & open approach
Sumathipala et al (2008)- common narratives for physical symptoms in Sri-Lanka (poison in body, chewing betel)
Social categorisation of them and us - implicit biases develop - reduced by co-construction

21
Q

How can we tell if the model is appropriate?

A

Presentation of symptoms & somatic complaints can be influenced by ethnicity & culture - models needs to reflect
If explanation provided by professional is at odds with clients views, results in conflict & disengagement

22
Q

What are issues we should include on a culturally appropriate checklist?

A

Historical context
Is it imposing beliefs onto client
Can model include clients perspective
Can model incorporate clients spiritual beliefs
Is it culturally appropriating

23
Q

What additional barriers to interventions

A

Disregarding faith & spirituality
Not addressing patients understanding of illness
Not considering expectations of healthcare Overlooking stigma

24
Q

How did Aggarwal et al (2016) suggest we face barriers?

A

Barriers increase mistrust & suggested professionals could increase participation & outcomes by incorporating patients views of difficulty, targeting stigma & tailoring language

25
Q

How did Sidhu & Begum (2017) adapt interventions?

A

Culturally adapting IAPT made them more accessible by addressing gaps in provisions & barriers to access
Therapists need to be sensitive to ethnic, cultural & spiritual beliefs

26
Q

What conclusion did Vahdaninia et al (2020) reach?

A

Integrating culturally sensitive MH services was feasible, improved engagement & improved outcomes

27
Q

What are features of cultural competence?

A

Workforce diversity reflecting patient population
Available & offered language assistance
Ongoing staff training for culturally & linguistically appropriate services
Partnering with communities
Use community health workers

28
Q

What are some broader recommendations given by Prajapati et al (2019)?

A

Educate self & be open to learning
Dedicate time to talk about racism
Speak up against discrimination
Recognise & reflect on own biases
Don’t expect members of racialised groups to lead on these subjects
Learn from racialised groups in community

29
Q

Give some examples of how we can support those who’ve experienced racism?

A

Be aware of your position
Be anti-racist
Reflect/ seek supervision
Understand the impact
Co-construct meaning
Build therapeutic relationship
Think about appropriateness of model

30
Q

How can we understand the impact of racism?

A

Those who have experienced racism may present with trauma reaction
Can manifest as low mood & anxiety
Influence self-esteem & confidence

Clinical Psychology (9 decks)

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