Race & Sport

Question 1

Characteristics like ethnicity and skin colour (race)….

Answer 1

are important socially constructed markers of difference
In North American society, persistent patterns of unequal treatment have developed around these markers: in society and sport

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

physical traits but is based on socially constructed classification systems develop around the meaning that people have given to particular physical traits
Carry from culture to culture

Question 3

Ethnicity

Answer 3

refers to the values, beliefs and behaviours we share in common with a subcultural group to whig we most closely identify based on common county of origin, language, religion, or cultural traditions

Question 4

3 types of racism

Answer 4

Cultural racism – limited images of ethnic minorities portrayed in media/language/practices promotes stereotypes

Institutional racism – institutions limit advancement of particular racial/ethnic groups (fewer rights, or chance to use rights)

Individual racism – when racial ideology becomes part of attitudes/opinion of individuals (eg: Spike Lee Clip)

Question 5

Biggest issue to address

Answer 5

Social Class and Access to Facilities

Question 6

Rooney Rule

Answer 6

2003: must interview minority candidates for head coaching and senior football positions

Question 7

The skin I’m in

Thesis: Sport participation is the essence of Blackness; other achievements meaningless “Air Jordan Effect”

Answer 7

Black athletes are a product of culture and not biological circumstance
- relationship between sport participation, academics and career aspirations

Question 8

Media images help _______ & ______ stereotypes about black athletes

Answer 8

institutionalizing ad internalizing

Question 9

Stereotype

Answer 9

a largely false belief or set of beliefs convening the characteristics of the members of a racial or ethnic group

Question 10

1. Brute stereotype

2. Sambo stereotype

Answer 10

1. primitive, violent, sexually powerful
2. Benign, childish, immature, lazy, inferior, fun-loving
   NOTE: throughout history, whites believed to possess intelligence and industriousness: racial ideology

Question 11

Institutionalized consequences of stereotypes

Answer 11

Stacking- practices tof assigning individuals to central/ non central positions on the basis of race
Positional segregation
1970s - first black quarterback
1989- first black head coach

Question 12

Socialization

Answer 12

the process by which we learn the practices of a given social group so that we can function within it
-Children are initially socialized into an ethnic culture rather than larger society

Question 13

Internalizing sports as your best option has +/ - outcomes

notes: had for young men to define themselves apart from imposed societal stereotypes

Answer 13

+: adjustments to school rules, school work, values of achievement-oriented society
-: diminished focus on education, poor graduation rate, overemphasis on winning often means athletes are “hocked up” but also exploited for athletic talent