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Special Species > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average lifespan of the rabbit?

A

6-10 years

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2
Q

When are rabbits active?

A

nocturnal

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3
Q

Describe the dentition of the rabbit

A
  • open-rooted teeth

- extra pair of incisors called “peg teeth”

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4
Q

Describe the reproductive parameters of the rabbit

A
  • induced ovulators
  • gestation 30-33 days
  • babies born blind
  • testes descend at 3 months
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5
Q

What are common reproductive issues in rabbits?

A
  • post-partum estrus
  • uterine cancer
  • males spray and mount
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6
Q

Describe cecotrophy in the rabbits

A
  • cecotropes produced in early morning/night
  • provide B vitamins and amino acids produced by bacteria in cecum
  • stimulated by high fiber diet
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7
Q

Describe normal urine/urination in a rabbit

A
  • infrequent, large amounts
  • calciuria (chalky white)
  • normal route of calcium excretion
  • porphyrins (rusty orange)
  • high pH, ammonia, crystals
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8
Q

What are the venipuncture sites in the rabbit?

A
  • lateral saphenous
  • cephalic vein
  • jugular
  • ear vein
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9
Q

What are common enteric pathogens in rabbits?

A

E. coli

Clostridium spiroforme

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10
Q

Which antibiotics should not be used in rabbits?

A
  • beta-lactams
  • cephalosporins
  • oral penicillins
  • lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin
  • selective gram-positive
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11
Q

Which antibiotics are good choices in rabbits?

A
  • quinolones
  • sulfa drugs
  • chloramphenicol
  • penicillin (injectable only)
  • metronidazole
  • azithromycin
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12
Q

Describe the stomach of a rabbit

A
  • simple stomach
  • large and non-distensible
  • low pH
  • muscular pylorus
  • inability to vomit
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13
Q

Describe the small intestines of the rabbit

A
  • narrow intestines
  • long and convoluted jejunum
  • ileocecal valve: sacculus rotundus
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14
Q

What is the purpose of the fusiform coli?

A

a pacemaker

- helps with peristalsis

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15
Q

What is the purpose of fiber in the rabbit diet?

A
  • fiber is the driving force of the GI tract

- insoluble fiber acts as a motility modifier

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16
Q

What are the dietary recommendations for the rabbit?

A
  • high fiber, low carbs
  • grass hay
  • leafy greens
  • low pelleted ration, fruit, and treats
17
Q

What are common diet-related disorders in the rabbit?

A
  • gastric stasis
  • hairballs
  • impactions
  • dysbiosis
  • diarrhea
  • obesity
18
Q

What are the signs of GI stasis?

A
  • decreased stool production
  • lack of appetite
  • painful abdomen
  • hypothermia
  • shock
19
Q

How is GI stasis treated?

A
  • oral and parenteral fluids
  • GI motility modifiers: metaclopromide and cisapride
  • pain management: buprenorphine
  • GI gas management: simethicone
  • exercise
20
Q

What is the normal temperature of a rabbit?

A

101-104 F

21
Q

What is a cause of true diarrhea in rabbits?

A

Eimeria spp.

Coccidia

22
Q

Describe urine sludging in rabbits

A
  • severe crystalluria
  • accumulation of sludge
  • painful, dysuria
  • often in sedentary rabbits
23
Q

How is urinary sludge treated?

A
  • urinary catheter
  • warm saline flush and massage
  • SC fluids and buprenorphine
  • NSAID at home
24
Q

What is “snuffles” and what is the common cause?

A
  • upper respiratory tract infection
  • rhinitis, sinusitis, dacryocystitis
  • Pasteurella multocida
25
Q

Describe the rabbit nasolacrimal tear duct

A
  • have a single NLD puncta

- tortuous duct runs along top of maxillary tooth roots from eye to nose

26
Q

Which antibiotics can be used for respiratory infections in rabbits?

A
  • quinolones
  • trimethoprim-sulfa
  • chloramphenicol
  • azithromycin
27
Q

What are causes of head tilit in rabbits?

A
  • otitis media/interna

- Encephalitozoon cuniculi

28
Q

What is E. cuniculi?
How do rabbits acquire it?
What tissues does it affect?

A
  • obligate intracellular microsporidia parasite
  • acquired at birth
  • replicates in kidneys
  • affinity for neural tissue
29
Q

What are the clinical signs of an E. cuniculi infection?

A
  • head tilts
  • seizures
  • ataxia
  • uveitis
  • inflammatory response
30
Q

How is E. cuniculi infection treated?

A
  • benzimidazoles
  • fenbendazole, albendazole
  • anti-inflammatories
  • steroids
31
Q

What do jaw abscesses cause in rabbits?

A
  • thick, caseous pus

- osteomyelitis

32
Q

How are jaw abscesses treated?

A
  • aggressive surgical debridement
  • marsupialize for flushing
  • cefazolin soaked sponges
  • PMMA: antibiotics
  • manuka honey
  • penicillin
33
Q

What is the number one cancer in rabbits?

A

uterine carcinoma

34
Q

Describe “vent disease”

A
  • spirochetosis, “syphilis”
  • Treponema cuniculi
  • scabs on the vent and face
  • contagious
  • not zoonotic

Special Species (6 decks)

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