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Special Species > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average lifespan of a pet ferret?

A

7-8 years

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2
Q

When are ferrets active/what is this called?

A

Crepuscular

Active at twilight

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3
Q

What are the unique skeletal features of the ferret?

A
  • Long and narrow
  • Flexible conformation
  • Flat skull
  • Compliant ribcage
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4
Q

What are the unique senses features of the ferret?

A
  • Near-sighted

- Keen sense of smell

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5
Q

What is Waardenburg Syndrome?

A

color-linked congenital deafness in white-faced ferrets

- Blaze and Panda

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6
Q

What are the unique features of the respiratory system in the ferret?

A
  • Large lung capacity

- Large diameter airways

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7
Q

What is the average heart rate of a ferret?

A

180-230 bpm

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8
Q

What is the number 1 ECG problem found in ferrets?

A

AV block

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9
Q

Which heart condition is common and normal in the ferret?

A

sinus arrhythmia

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10
Q

Describe the appropriate diet for a ferret

A
  • Strict carnivore
  • High protein
  • High fat
  • Low fiber
  • Avoid grain-free
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11
Q

Describe the unique features of the ferret GI tract

A
  • short GI transit
  • no cecum
  • simple gut flora
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12
Q

What are the restraint techniques used with the ferret?

A
  • scruff
  • nutrical: high sugar paste
  • chemical: iso, sevo, injectables
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13
Q

What drugs are used as injectable/chemical restraints in the ferret?

A
  • Torbugesic
  • Midazolam
  • Dexdormitor
  • Alfaxalone
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14
Q

Which vaccines are needed in a ferret?

A

Canine Distemper

Rabies

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15
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of CDV in a ferret?

A
  • orange tint to skin
  • crusting on mucocutaneous junctions
  • hard pads
  • neurological signs
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16
Q

Which sites can be used for venipuncture in the ferret?

A
  • cephalic vein
  • lateral saphenous
  • cranial vena cava
  • jugular
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17
Q

How is a cranial vena cava venipuncture performed?

A
  • blind stick along manubrum of sternum

- rigid restraint needed

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18
Q

Urinary tract obstruction in ferrets

A
  • common emergency
  • males
  • urolithisais
  • prostatomegaly
  • difficult to pass catheter
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19
Q

Which pathways can fluid be administered in the ferret?

A

SC, IV, IO, IP

20
Q

What are the indications for an IV catheter in the ferret?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Moderate azotemia
  • Blood transfusions
  • Chemotherapy
  • Long surgical procedures
21
Q

What are the indications for a splenic aspiration in the ferret?

A
  • splenomegaly
  • irregular spleen
  • abnormal US
  • anemia of unknown etiology
  • lymphosarcoma
22
Q

Where does H. mustelae colonize in the ferret?

A
  • pylorus and duodenum

- mainly greater antrum of stomach

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of H. mustelae infection?

A
  • melena
  • bruxism and ptyalism
  • anorexia or inappetance
  • vomiting uncommon
  • chronic weight loss
24
Q

How is H. mustelae infection diagnosed?

A
  • gastric/duodenal mucosal biopsy
  • silver stains
  • PCR swab of mucosa
  • clinical signs
25
Q

How is H. mustelae infection treated?

A
  • triple therapy
  • amoxicillin + metronidazole
  • bismuth subsalicyclate
  • sucralfate
  • clarithromycin
26
Q

What are the clinical signs of a gastric foreign body in the ferret?

A
  • anorexia and weight loss
  • diarrhea, melena
  • acutely weak
  • vomiting not common
27
Q

How are gastric foreign bodies treated?

A
  • supportive care
  • fluids, lubricants, antibiotics
  • surgery if needed
28
Q

What are possible causes of diarrhea in ferrets?

A
  • dietary indiscretion
  • foreign body
  • coronavirus
  • IBS
  • intestinal lymphoma
29
Q

What is another name for viral diarrhea in ferrets?

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis

30
Q

Describe the features of Epizootic catarrhal enteritis

A
  • green slime diarrhea
  • transmissible
  • young ferrets as carriers
  • diarrhea and anorexia
31
Q

What is the cause of Epizootic catarrhal enteritis?

A

coronavirus

32
Q

How is Epizootic catarrhal enteritis treated?

A

supportive care

33
Q

Which disease shows “bird seed” tan diarrhea?

A

inflammatory bowel disease

- chronic malabsorption syndrome

34
Q

What is being over-produced in hyperadrenalcorticism in ferrets?

A

sex steroids

- androgens, estrogens, and progesterones

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperadrenalcorticism in ferrets?

A
  • hair loss
  • pruritis
  • swollen vulva
  • prostatomegaly
  • strong smell
  • sexual behavior
36
Q

How is hyperadrenalcorticism treated?

A
  • Leuprolide monthly injections
  • adrenalectomy
  • usually both
37
Q

What is a result from chronic estrogen production?

A

bone marrow suppression

38
Q

What is Lupron, and what does it do?

A
  • Leuprolide
  • GnRH agonist
  • stimulates LH/FSH
  • negative feedback stops steroidogenesis
39
Q

What is an insulinoma, and what is the primary effect?

A
  • pancreatic beta cell carcinoma

- over-produces insulin resulting in hypoglycemia

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of insulinoma in ferrets?

A
  • episodic weakness
  • coma and seizure
  • drooling, inappetance
  • difficult to arouse
  • weak in rear end
41
Q

How is an insulinoma diagnosed?

A
  • fast blood glucose levels < 60
  • surgical biopsy
  • response to treatment
42
Q

What is the treatment for insulinoma?

A
  • prednisone (gluconeogenic)
  • diazoxide (blocks insulin)
  • low carb diet
  • surgery: nodulectomy or partial pancreatectomy
43
Q

What are the features of mast cell tumors in ferrets

A
  • very common in skin only
  • benign, do not metastasize
  • can be itchy and bloody
  • surgical removal
  • good prognosis
44
Q

What are the features of lymphosarcomas in ferrets?

A
  • common
  • multicentric
  • lymphadenopathy
45
Q

How is lymphosacroma treated?

A
  • surgical debulking
  • chemotherapy
  • prednisone
46
Q

Which cardiovascular disease is more common in ferrets?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

Special Species (6 decks)

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