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Exotics > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

In general, What can help reduce the stress of most prey animals in clinic

A

Clean clothing (no smell of predators such as cats or dogs)

Keep in a separate, quiet areas away from noises of predators

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2
Q

Rabbits belong to class mammalia, order ____, family ____ (not rodents)

A

Order Lagomorpha

Family leporidae

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3
Q

Describe the teeth of rabbits

A

Incisors and molars Grow continuously throughout life

They have 2 lower incisors and 4 upper incisors (2 large ones in the front and 2 small “peg teeth” behind them)

Upper arcade: missing 03-05 and go to 11

Lower arcade: missing 02-06 and go to 11

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4
Q

Describe the respiratory system of rabbits

A

Primarily nasal breathers (very poor mouth breathers)

Small thoracic cavity and there fire lungs and heart

Do not breathe well on backs

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5
Q

Describe the digestive system of rabbits

A

Large abdominal cavity

Very acidic stomach (pH 1.2-1.5)

Very long intestines, large cecum (hind gut fermenters)

Physically unable to vomit

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6
Q

What are cecotrophs

A

AKA night feces

Come from the cecum held together in bunches by secretions from the cecum

These are packed full of nutrients and are essential for overall health

These also help repopulate gut flora

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7
Q

Describe the musculoskeletal system of rabbits

A

Fragile skeleton prone to fractures

Very strong musculature of the hind limbs and back (they can break their own back during a struggle in restraint and kicking)

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8
Q

Describe the reproductive system of rabbits

A

Open inguinal rings, testes descend about 12 weeks of age

Very difficult to sex when young

No uterine body: 2 cervices and 2 uterine horns

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9
Q

What is the rabbits sexual maturity age? What type of ovulators are they?

A

Sexual maturity: 4-7 months of age

Induced ovulators

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10
Q

What is the gestation period of rabbits? How are rabbits born? How often do the young nurse?

A

Gestation: 29-35 days

Born naked and helpless (altricial) (hares are precocial)

Young’s nurse only 2-3 times/day (hares only once)

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11
Q

Describe the urine of rabbits

A

Very alkaline urine

Calcium carbonate crystals are a normal finding

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12
Q

What is the average lifespan of rabbits

A

5-10 years

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13
Q

What are some common disease and problems found in rabbits

A 
Snuffles 
GI stasis 
dental Malocclusions 
Jaw and tooth root abscesses 
Urolithiasis 
Uterine adenocarcinoma 
Fur mites 
Pododermatitis 
Oral antibiotic reactions 
Enterotoxemia
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14
Q

What is snuffles in rabbits

A

Respiratory disease (nasal and ovule discharge) caused by pasteurella virus

Difficult to treat and reoccurrence is often

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15
Q

Describe GI stasis in rabbits

A

Gut slows down/stops working

Stomach palpation feels “doughy” -dehydrated contents, hair balls from grooming a lot

No feces is seen, don’t eat

Rehydrate (SQ and oral fluids)

Force feeding a slurry mixture (stimulates peristalsis)

Pain meds (painful)

Exercise (stimulates movement of internal structures)

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16
Q

Describe common dental problems seen in rabbits

A

Teeth grow continuously, if not worn down they over grow and can cause ulcerations/laceration in the mouth and anorexia due to reluctance to eat (can lead to GI stasis)

May have a genetic component

Upper cheek teeth may grow laterally, lower cheek teeth may grow medically (uneven wear results in sharp edges of the teeth and cause damage to the mouth -like seen in horses)

17
Q

Describe examination of the mouth in rabbits

A

Best observed with an otoscope and light

Look at alignment of the teeth as well as the cheeks and tongue

If the incisors are abnormal, most likely there is an issue with the cheek teeth

18
Q

Describe jaw/tooth abscesses seen in rabbits

A

Pus is very thick/caseous (buttery/cheese)

More challenging to treat abscesses (they don’t drain, the capsule is thick and meds don’t reach it easily)

Extraction of the affected tooth, surgical draining/debridement and antibiotics is needed

19
Q

Describe Urolithiasis in rabbits

A

Stones/sludge is common

First signs: blood in the urine

Due to diet, obesity or limited exercise

Diagnosis: radiographs, UA

Treatment: surgery, expressing bladder, remove material

20
Q

Describe uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits

A

Tumor/cancer in the uterus

Very common (>90% if left unspayed)

Much less common in active breeders

21
Q

Describe fur mites in rabbits

A

“Walking dandriff”

Cheyletiella mites

Potential zoonotic

22
Q

Describe pododermatitis in rabbits

A

Similar to bumble foot in birds

Painful, ulcerated dermatitis on weight bearing surface of rabbits feet

Prevention: Soft bedding, enough space and weight management

Typically protection comes from the very thick fur on the back of the legs (DONT clip this fur and clean it often)

Difficult to treat and can be severe (always on their feet)

Can lead to infections

23
Q

What medications should you avoid using in rabbits

A

Rabbits are very sensitive to many oral antibiotics

Avoid oral penicillins, cephalosporins, erthromycin, clindamycin, linconycin

Some of these can be injected

If oral meds they should be liquid

24
Q

describe antibiotic associated diarrhea (enterotoxemia) as a result of oral antibiotics in rabbits

A

From clostridia overgrowth (clostridium dificile) (produces a toxin)

Severe watery often hemorrhagic diarrhea

Can be fatal

Treat with metronidazole if caught early

25
Q

Describe general housing husbandry for rabbits

A

Easily environmental stressed: keep visual and olfactory stimuli to a minimum

Need protection from the heat/cold (especially heat intolerant) keep area around 40-80 F

Space: absolute minimum 3x the length of the rabbit (3 hop rule)

Either NO wire bottom or at least an areas with a wire bottom (clean but reduces access to cecotrophs and causes pododermatitis)

Should be a tall enough cage for them to stand on hind legs

Need a hiding area/box/hole

Constant access to food, water and hay

Can be Litter box trained

26
Q

True or false

Rabbits can be extremely territorial

A

True

Known to fight especially with pairings

27
Q

Bunnies are easily injured due to they fragile and inflexible spine, and extremely powerful musculature, how should you hold them

A

Very securely and ALWAYS support hind end

Hold close to the body with the head tucked under your arm if nervous

28
Q

How should you remove a rabbit from its cage

A

One hand underneath grasping the hind legs and the other hand holding/supporting front legs

29
Q

True or false

You can scruff a rabbit

A

FALSE

never scruff or hole by the ears

30
Q

How should you return a rabbit to its cage

A

Place in backwards (face towards you) to decrease danger of kicking out/ bolting

31
Q

What is one way to reduce stress in a rabbit when holding

A

Covering its eyes

32
Q

Why should you NOT tap a rabbits nose as a distraction method

A

Obligate nose breathers

Causes aggression/avoidance/distress

33
Q

How are medications often given to rabbits

A

Per os

Can mix with fruit juice or purée

Avoid IM if possible (will chew at the back)

If you have to use IM use the quadriceps muscle

34
Q

How is urine collected from rabbits

A

Cystocentesis -no sedation required

Catheterization -no sedation required

Sitting posture for males or sternal recumbency for females

35
Q

What helps prevent injuries and stress during radiographs with rabbits

A

Sedation

36
Q

Describe fluid therapy for rabbits

A

IV: cephalic vein

IO: greater tubercle of humerus (for severe dehydration)

E collars are often needed to prevent chewing on the catheter/line

37
Q

Explain general anesthesia and sedation in rabbits

A

More challenging than other mammals

Mask down to induce (very sensitive to odour of inhaled anesthetics)

Likely to hold their breath (slow/calculated induction will reduce this)

Difficult intubation (repeated attempts not recommended)

Nasal intubation is an option but not commonly used

38
Q

What are some general things to know before collecting blood from rabbits

A

Collect no more than 1% of body weight

Skin is easily torn -pluck don’t shave hair

Veins have tube walls and are very fragile (hematomas easily form)

Use a 25-27G heparinized needle

Can use no needle and drip into tube

Sedation is often a good choice to reduce stress and get enough for a sample

39
Q

Describe the various areas of blood collection in rabbits

A

Lateral saphenous or cephalic: easy access and minimal stress

Marginal ear vein and central ear artery: difficult to get, increased risk of causing hematoma and necrosis, avoid using

Jugular: stressful due to restraint, sedation is likely needed

For very small amounts you could quick a nail

Exotics (11 decks)

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