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Exotics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

All birds belong to the kingdom of ____, Phylum of _____ and Class of ____

A

Kingdom Animalia

phylum Chordata

Class Aves

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2
Q

There are ___ different orders within the Class Aves of birds, these make up the different, it is further subdivided into different

A

29

Different types of birds

Families, genus and species

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3
Q

What are Galliformes

A

Landfowl

Heavy bodied, ground feeding birds

Chickens, turkeys, grouse

Often meat birds

Males are typically more colourful

Typically have 4 toes -3 large toes in front and 1 small toe in the back

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4
Q

What are anseriformes

A

Waterfowl

Over 170 species in 3 families

Includes ducks, geese, swans etc

Often have large flat beak

Adapted for aquatic life at the water surface

Have webbed feet

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5
Q

What are Ratites

A

Any of a diverse group (including many different orders) of large flightless birds, most of which are extinct.

These birds have no keel (flattened sternum for flight feathers to attach to) so they lack a sting anchor for wing muscles (some birds may have an underdeveloped keel)

Poorly developed wings but have highly developed legs

Have 2, 3 or 4 toes that all point forwards

Includes: ostrich, emu, kiwi, rhea and cassowary

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6
Q

What are the 3 families in 3 orders of the raptors, which ones are diurnal or nocturnal

A

Falconiformes: diurnal (falcons)

Accipitriformes: diurnal (eagles, hawks and some vultures)

Strigiformes: nocturnal (owls)

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7
Q

What is diurnal vs nocturnal

A

Diurnal: active during the day

Nocturnal: active at night

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8
Q

Describe raptors

A

Only one jaw is mobile (like in humans)

A bird of prey or raptor is a bird that hunts for food primarily using its talons (carnivores)

Have a characteristic curved tip to their beak and have superb vision and powerful claws

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9
Q

What are psittaciformes (psittacines)

A

Parrots: almost 400 different species in over 90 different genera

Overhanging, strong curved upper beak (both upper and lower beaks are mobile and sensitive)

Opposing toes (2 forward and 2 back) for climbing

Eyes are placed high and wide on the skull for a uniquely wide field of vision

Prized for their brightly coloured plumage due to special pigments and feather arrangements

Many species can talk and they are intelligent

Some may be tropical to subtropical

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10
Q

What are the most dangerous parts of a raptor? How about a parrot?

A

Raptor: claws

Parrots: beaks

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11
Q

Compare and contrast birds of prey and prey birds eye sight

A

Birds of prey: good vision for depth and distance

Prey: good vision for wide range and attack from behind

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12
Q

What is the dory of most parrots

A 
Seeds
Nuts (for strong beaks)
Fruits
Buds 
Other plant material (tubers and corms)
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13
Q

How to most parrots nest

A

Hollow trees or nesting boxes

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14
Q

What are the 3 “superfamilies” or parrots

A

True parrots (psittacoidea): lories and lorikeets (better eating, brushed tongue) including Macaws, conures, eclectus parrots, Amazon parrots, African grays, budgerigar and many others from Africa/Australia

Cockatoos (Cacatuoidea) the only crested parrots

New Zealand parrots (strigopoidea) not commonly kept as pets

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15
Q

Describe cockatoos

A

Crested (mobile head feathers raised for display)

Not as colourful as other parrots

Native to Australia

21 different species of cockatoos (including cockatiels) -these are not breeds but truly different species

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16
Q

Describe the cockatiel (cockatoo species)

A

Smallest and easiest then keep of the cockatoos

Live in pairs or small groups in the wild

Very popular

Adult males are more brightly coloured
(Females have grey faces, differences only visible after the first moult)

Newer “fancier” cockatiels may not be able to distinguish sexes

Crests erect: when startled, during mating or when aroused

17
Q

Describe true parrots: lories and lorikeets

A

Live in trees

Feed in nectar and soft fruits

Colourful

From Australia

Small to medium sized

Weird brush tipped tongue for nectar and fruit

Messy eaters and very territorial (may bite)

18
Q

Describe the African grey parrot

A

Large parrot

Feather dander give a fine white powder coating to beaks

Endangered in the wild

19
Q

Describe eclectus parrots

A

Females are red and more likely to bite

Males are green

Quieter and less active than other birds

Long digestive tract and require fiber (eats fruits, figs and buds)

From australasia

20
Q

Describe macaws

A

Larger beaks and longer tails than other parrots

Very strong beaks: crack hard and large nuts (also eats fruits, leaves, flowers and stems)

Active and vocal

Require a large cage (#one reason they are abandoned)

Make a lot of feces

Found in the americas

21
Q

Describe budgerigar (budgies)

A

Small

Active and social (better in pairs or groups)

Sex is based on the color of the cere (on the nostrils) males are blue, females plate brownish pink

Native to Australia

Can have a huge vocabulary

22
Q

Describe lovebirds

A

Small parrot

Affectionate

Monogamous pairs sit together for long periods of time (these need a pair)

Eat fruit, vegetables, grasses and seeds

African

23
Q

What are passeriformes (passerines)

A

The largest order of birds (half of all bird species)

These are the “perching” birds

Includes our native wild song birds as well as canaries and finches which can be kept as pets (passer domesticus is the house sparrow)

Three front toes and one hind toe (some raptors and galliforms have this arrangement)

24
Q

Describe zebra finches

A

Very common in Australia

Colonial seed eaters

Song birds

Males: have banding on the neck, bright orange cheeks, darker red beaks)
Females are most grey

25
Q

Many species of birds require how many hours of enrichment a day

A

1-2 hours

26
Q

Describe feather picking

A

A behaviour seen in bored birds (can also be from disease)

It is the most common reason birds are seen in clinic

Usually behavioural (boredom, frustration, poor socialization early in life, etc)

Can be due to medical reasons (mites, skin disease, injury, nutritional deficiency)

27
Q

Most birds with bite if they are not

A

Handled frequently or socialized at a young age

28
Q

Feather picking in small birds is mostly due to

A

Medical reasons

29
Q

feather picking in large birds is most likely due to

A

Behavioural problems

30
Q

Describe how cages should generally be for all birds

A

At least large enough for the bird to fully stretch its wings and actively move around (the bigger the better)

At least two perches of different thickness (avoid sand paper) (real branches are best)

Ladders

Toys (rotate for best enrichment practices)

Often have a grated floor, covered with bedding as part of the play/exercise area (good covering to prevent damage to the claws) newspaper works best

31
Q

Describe the need of water for birds

A

Free choice water In a bowl

The bowl will get soiled by feces, may be used as a bath or to get food wet so change frequently

May also teach bird to use a supper bottle (should still have a bathing area or mist with a spray bottle)

32
Q

Describe feeding birds

A

Birds eat A LOT of food relative to their size -very fast metabolism that burns through food very fast for energy

Try to find ways to have birds forage for food (enrichment)

Bird seen can be a problem (rarely a balanced diet, too high in fat and deficient in nutrients)

Formulated food (pellets) appropriate to size and type of bird.

For parrots, feed about 70-80% diet of pellets add fresh fruits and vegetables to 20-30% of diet (wash and peel first)

33
Q

Describe exercise birds need

A

Make sure the area is safe (close windows, turn off burners and fans, remove other pets, cover bodies of water)

Allow birds to fly around for a few hours a day

34
Q

True or false

Birds are extremely sensitive to gases and scents

A

True

35
Q

Why are birds a huge danger to birds

A

Cats carry a lot of bacteria in their mouths and claws, that can be rapidly fatal to birds

Exotics (11 decks)

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