Rabbit Dz Flashcards
What is the causative agent for snuffles?
Pasteurella multocida
What is the transmission for snuffles?
direct contact
what is one of the most common diseases in rabbits?
snuffles
What are the c/s associated with snuffles?
- Often subclinical***
- Respiratory (coughing, dyspnea, nasal discharge) • Conjunctivitis
- Otitis media and interna
- Septicemia: acute death
- Genital tract infections (male and female)
how do you diagnose snuffles?
RADIOGRAPHS
PCR
nasal culture
Pathology associated with snuffles?
Nasal passages
• Edematous, inflamed, congested • Turbinate atrophy
- Cranioventral pneumonia
- Fibrinopurulent pleuritis and pericarditis
Hepatic necrosis
Snuffles–management?
treat with ABX….treat symptoms…I think leave the abscesses alone
Tyzzers dans les lapins…transmitted how?
same as the others…butt to mouth
Tyzzers who’s affected and what are the clinical signs?
weanlings!
and the signs are mostly subclinical.
if you DO see signs that means it must be pretty severe…typically a co-infection involved.
Profuse diarrhea, listlessness, dehydration and death within 72 hours
• 90 – 95% mortality
Tyzzers definite mode of dx?
per/serology/culture
Tyzzers gross lesions involve which organs?
liver heart intestines
Tyzzer histopath lesions…which stain and which organs will you see lesions in ?
W. Starry. Ileum/cecum/colon (edema and necrosis) and liver (parenchymal necrosis)
How do you treat Tyzzers?
- No treatment for clinically ill rabbits
- Antibiotics are poor secondary to intracellular location
- Minimize stress
- Good husbandry
Enterotoxemia caused by what?
C. spiroforme
Enterotox and route of transmission?
ENVIRONMENT and changes in gut flora
Enterotox and c/s?
diarrhea and just pure nastiness around the perineum. moribund…pyrexic…cyanotic…
Enterotox treatment?
good husbandry
low stress
copper sulphate supplementation
poop transplant
Collibacillosis caused by?
e coli and seen in the young ones (sucklings and weanlings)
Collibacillosis 3 syndromes:
enteric/diarrheal
urinary
sepsis/meningitis
Collibacillosis—what kind of diarrhea do sucklings have?
severe yellow with high mortality
Collibacillosis—what kind of diarrhea do weanlings get?
profuse watery diarrhea, stunted growth, death
Diagnose Collibacillosis?
culture! blood agar and biotypying
Collibacillosis zoonotic risks?
EHEC/EPEC
Collibacillosis pathology?
- Attaching & effacing lesions w/ pedestal formation
- EPEC: Petechial‐ecchymotic serosal hemorrhages, thickening & edema of cecal & proximal colon serosa
- EHEC: enterocolitis, nephropathy, thrombotic microangiopathy
Collibacillosis treatment
- Avoid introducing rabbits of unknown status into a colony
- Screen rabbits (culture) & characterize E. coli isolates (PCR) • Eradication: rederivation & antibiotic treatment
- Antibiotic treatment?
- EPEC Antimicrobial resistance
- Enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, neomycin • Fluid therapy for clinically affected animals
Trepanematosis aka…?
“Venereal spirochetosis, rabbit syphilis, vent disease”
Trepanematosis causative agent?
Treponema paraluiscuniculi
Trepanematosis transmission
- Direct contact during breeding
* +/‐ vertical transmission
Trepanematosis c/s
Lesions on vulva/prepuce
• Swelling & erythema vesicles, papules ulceration, scaling & crusting
Trepanematosis diagnose?
• Serology
• Nontreponemal antigen tests
• Microhemagglutination: optimal assay
• Dark‐field microscopic examination of wet‐mounted scrapings
from lesions
• Histology: silver stained testicular sections
• PCR
Trepanematosis pathology:
Pathology:
• Erythematous macules or papules to erosions, ulcers & crusts
• Epidermal hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia and acanthosis with ulceration; macrophage & plasma cell infiltrate
Trepanematosis treatment
• Quarantine & test new breeding animals prior to introduction into
the colony
• Hysterectomy derivation can eliminate
• Benzathine penicillin G‐procaine penicillin G at 7‐day intervals resolution of lesions in 2 weeks
Myxomatosis cause and which rabbits?
Leporipoxvirus like rabbit fibroma virus brush rabbits (wild)
Myxomatosis transmission
Direct contact
• Arthropod vectors
What stain is best used to id clostridium?
war. starry stain
Which rabbit type is susceptible to myxomatosis?
Oryctolagus new zealand
lesions for myxomatosis
Mucinous skin lesions, tumors, edema around mouth, nose, anus & genitals, progressive conjunctivitis with serous & mucopurulent secretions from eyes & nose
myxomatosis diagnostics
Definitive: culture
myxomatosis treatment
Prevent contact with arthropods
• Quarantine infected rabbits
Rabbit Fibroma Virus cause?
Leporipoxvirus
Rabbit Fibroma Virus lesions?
skin tumors on legs/face
Leporid Herpesviruses
LH-4 Alpha
Leporid Herpesviruses LH-4 Alpha
in what rabbits and causes what?
domestic
Severe disease in preweanlings: weakness, anorexia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, periocular swelling, & skin ulcers in some animals
Cottontail (Shope) Papillomavirus transmission
+/-arthropods like myxomatosis
c/s Cottontail (Shope) Papillomavirus
• Papillomas on the neck, shoulders, abdomen, eyelids, ears
special c/s sign Cottontail (Shope) Papillomavirus
• Up to 25% of infected rabbits develop squamous cell carcinomas
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease caused by
calicivirus
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease transmission
Fecal‐oral
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease C/S
peracute-death
acute-lymphopenia and coagulopathy
subacute- mild with survival
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Treatment:
- Quarantine & depopulate
* Thoroughly cleanse & disinfect the environment
ear mites that don’t burrow-Psoroptes
Pruritic lesions in the inner
surfaces of the external ear
• Scratching, head shaking, pain, self‐mutilation
• Tan, crusty exudate with moist, erythematous underlying skin
Cheyletiella spp. important??
ZOONOTIC
Walking dandruff
Cheyletiella spp. differentiating c/s compared to Psoroptes
no pruritis/no skin lesions
Sarcoptic Mange does it burrow and cause extreme itchiness?
yes. will see secondary hair loss and most lesions seen on the head.
can sometimes have anemia, leukopenia and secondary bacterial infectoins
what’s an unusual pathology associated with sarcastic?
• In severe infestations, amyloidosis of liver & glomerulus
Tricophyton mentagrophytes…zoonotic?
yes
how to treat/deal with Tricophyton mentagrophytes?
self limiting in healthy animals
vaccine available
may have to cull
Hepatic Coccidiosis cause?
Eimeria stiedae
Hepatic Coccidiosis c/s
• Hepatomegaly (common), icterus, anorexia
can also see diarrhea and weight loss
Hepatic Coccidiosis interesting way to dx?
impression smears with cut surface of the liver
Hepatic Coccidiosis pathology
Enlarged, discolored liver with multifocal yellowish‐white lesions of varying size, exudate in biliary tree, dilatation of bile ducts
• Papillomatous hyperplasia of ducts with multiple life cycle stages of the organism present in the biliary epithelium
Encephalitozoonosis cause?
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoonosis big thing about this one…?
zoonotic!
Encephalitozoonosis best place to look for dz?
kidneys and brain with Giemsa stain, Gram stain, Goodpasture’s carbol fuschin stain
Encephalitozoonosis c/s
Convulsions, tremors, torticollis, paresis‐paralysis, coma, signs of kidney failure
Encephalitozoonosis transmission
- Direct contact, environmental contamination
- Urine
- Vertical transmission possible as well
Encephalitozoonosis pathology
Kidney: multiple white, pinpoint areas or gray, indented areas on
renal cortical surface
• Granulomatous inflammation ± interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes & plasma cells, tubular degeneration
• Organism may be free‐floating in renal tubules
• Granulomatous encephalitis (characteristic), spinal cord lesions
• Organism often not observed histologically
