Hamster/Gerbil Dz Flashcards
How is Parvo transmitted?
fecal oral route
inhalation
Parvo age affected?
2-4 weeks old
Parvo c/s
small size litter
incisor abnormality***
high mortality like every other animal
Parvo Gross findings
mainly the incisor thing
Parvo Histopath
dental pulp/enamel hypoplasia
cerebral mineralization
testicular atrophy
How to DX parvo?
PCR
What’s the hamster’s role in transmission of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis?
2nd reservoir
Hamster dz that’s zoonotic?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Various ways LC is transmitted?
nasal skin cuts saliva urine congenital contaminated cell culture**
Age affected for LC?
older and is usually subclinical
C/S associated with LC?
chronic wasting
Histopath for LC?
lymphocytic infiltration and vasculitis as well as glom-nephritis
How to DX LC?
indirect fluorescence
Hamster polyomavirus has tropism for what?
undifferentiated keratinocytes and lymphocytes
Hamster polyomavirus transmission?
fecal and aerosolization
Hamster polyomavirus Age affected?
young and old—dz presents differently based on age
Hamster polyomavirus C/S in young (less than 2 yrs old)
multi centric lymphoma with decr weight, diarrhea and decreased grooming
Hamster polyomavirus C/S in old
Trichoepithelioma seen in the face neck feet abdomen regions
Hamster polyomavirus gross findings
tumors and nodules in the cutis and subcutis
Hamster polyomavirus histopath findings
Tricho originates in the follicular epithelium forming cyst ‘stuff’
Clostridium difficile is affiliated with what 2 conditions?
antibiotic associated enterocolitis
non-antibiotic associated enteropathy
Clostridium difficile antibiotic associated enterocolitis
the antibiotics used kill normal flora so that c diff proliferates. ,you get colitis –diarrhea—death as a result
Clostridium difficile antibiotic ass enterocolitis C/S
ruffled coat, dehydrated, diarrhea and acute death 2-10 days
Clostridium difficile antibiotic gross lesions
cecum distension, hemorrhage of lower intestines
Clostridium difficile antibiotic histopath lesions
pseudomembranous typhlitis
Clostridium difficile non-antibiotic associated enteropathy
no ABX use
typically associated with an atherogenic diet so you have a shit ton of diarrhea (no pun intended) associated with high fat diet
Clostridium difficile non-antibiotic histopath lesions
necrotizing typhlitis with mucosal damage and leukocyte infiltration
Tyzzer’s DZ is associated with what conditions?
decrease sanitation, high parasite load, poor feeding
Tyzzer’s dz is seen in what age?
weanling hammies
Tyzzer’s dz is associated with what clinical signs?
high mortality and the usual ruffled coat etc
what do you see grossly with Tyzzer’s
hepatomegaly and necrotic plaques in the lower SI, cecum and proximal colon
histopath for tyzzers
coagulative necrosis via warthrin starry or giemsa stain
Proliferative ileitis is caused by what organism?
lawsonia intracellularis
what’s the transmission for this wet tail caused by lawsonia?
fecal oral
c/s seen with lawsonia wet tail proliferative ileitis?
usually the same as others in addition to rectal prolapse and diarrhea with matted fur. Sudden death
Gross lesions associated with lawsonia
segmented ileal thickening (hyperplasia), fibrinous peritonitis with adhesions
what’s the most common ectoparasite of hamsters?
demodex
what causes infection of demodex?
stress
what are the two types of demodex that typically affect hammies?
criceti
aurati WORSE!
Pinwoms in hammies…is it a big deal?
Nope–hardly if ever pathogenic.
Let’s talk tapeworm: what’s the name of the trouble maker?
Rodentolepia nana aka dwarf tapeworm
What’s noteworthy about Rodentolepia nana?
- Zoonotic
- Direct and Indirect lifecycle
- Autoreinfection
What are the consequences of Rodentolepia nana?
- chronic catarrhal enteritis
* mesenteric LN abscessation
Hamster glom nephropathy primarily affects who in the hammie crew?
old females
What predisposes old gals to glom nephropathy?
high protein in diet as well as LC virus
what does glom nephropathy look like grossly?
pale kidneys with cortical depression
Amyloidosis affects who in the hamster crew?
females mostly
Amyloidosis is associated with what?
Hamster female protein
Amyloidosis grossly?
pale, granular kidneys
hepatomegaly
how to DX amyloidosis?
EM and Congo red stain
What kind of viruses are seen in gerbils?
NONE
Tyzzer’s in Gerbils..vs hamsters
Will see hepatic necrosis along with leukocytic infiltration n the liver, ileum and myocardium….vs hepatomegaly and necrotic plaques in the ileum, cecum and proximal colon and coagulative necrosis on histopath
DDX for tyzzer’s?
c diff or salmonellosis
Tyzzer’s is caused by which bacterium?
c piliforme GRAM NEG!!
cockroaches are implicated in the transmission of which dz?
Salmonella type Group d….
6 week old male gerbil died acutely…enlarged testicles, pneumonia…histopath showed hepatic necrosis…dx?
Salmonella type Group d….
Group of young gerbils observed to be no longer grooming themselves regularly—now they have a buildup of porphyrin substance around the lacrimal region of their eyes…what’s the primary dz concern and how do you deal with it?
nasal dermatitis/sore nose caused by staph
either remove the Harderian gland or deal with sand bedding
What does nasal dermatitis look like on histopath?
hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation
What demodex do you typically see in gerbils
Meriones but could see the hamster ones as well
Are pinworms a thing in gerbils?
Yep but not a big deal
What about tapeworms in gerbils?
Yes! Rodentolepia nana is of concern here as well!!
Let’s talk epilepsy in gerbils…
it’s stress induced/can be inherited/Gerbils 2 months plus is fair game
You apply a topical ointment on a gerbil and within minutes it became flaccid then died. Murderer, what have you done?
You killed it. Any ABX in the neomycin-streptomycin group is lethal as it inhibits ACH release causing ascending flaccid paralysis, coma then death within minutes!
You got called in to look at some slides from a deceased emaciated gerbil. you note acid fast intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney and liver along with microcytic and hypo chromic anemia (from blood work of course) with basophilic stippling. gross lesions were itty bitty liver and pale/pitted kidneys…what are you thinking?
lead toxicosis! lead tends to accumulate bc of concentrated urine in gerbils.
