Raab - Exam 3 - 113 JMU Flashcards
2 different infectious bacteria and what they are
Ecoli - urinary tract infection
Salmonella - food poisoning
2 different infectious viruses with a description
COVID - affects the lungs and is catchable by bodily fluids
FLU - associated with cough sore throat and occasionally vomiting
Epidemiology (what is an agent)
biological or physical factor that causes a disease
A vector is what
something that carries the agent that causes the illness such as rats carrying the black plague
Define PCR list steps
Denature, Annealing, Extension
Denature
(heating up and separating strands)
Annealing
(Cooling to bind primers to template strands)
Extension
(Heat DNA polymerase extending the primers)
Describe what a chimeric antibody is
antibody that is engineered by combining genetic material from different species
Know what an epitope is
binding site
Know what an antigen is
Molecule triggering immune response
Monoclonal antibodies
Is a single B-cell point
Polyclonal antibodies
Is from multiple B-Cells
Draw the structure of an antibody
Y
(top likes are light bottom are heavy)
(top of y is variable region)
(bottom of y is contant)
two things HHA’s can test for
Biomarkers,infectious diseases
HHA’s - How they work
prepared sample is
applied to Sample
Well then the sample flows from
Sample Well to
Conjugate Pad
HHA’s - what must always happen
The control must show up
HHA’s - and two things they can test for
-Infectious Diseases, Biomarkers
what is a Positive control
how does it work
used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
A positive control is a sample expected to produce a positive result in the test so you have a benchmark
-what is a negative control
-how does it work
-used to validate that a medical test or experiment is functioning correctly.
- lets you know if the test is contaminated
What are the types of demics
Pandemic, Epidemic, Endemic
Pandemic
A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large population
Endemic
Refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a specific geographic area or population
Epidemic
Occurs when the occurrence of cases of a particular disease in a population exceeds what is normally expected
What type of demic covid
pandemic
What type of demic common cold
endemic
What type of demic ebola
epidemic
What is ligase
Ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication
What part of the cellular process is ligase present
DNA Replication and Repair
How is ligase used in cloning
Connect DNA fragments with compatible ends
What is a endeonuclecleiace restriction enzyme
enzymes that cut the DNA at or near these recognition sites
3 diffrences of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme
Cutting patterns, Recognition Sequence, Orgin
role of a restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzyme in a bacteria cell
protect immune system against bacteriophages
how do bacteria protect its genome from restriction or (endeonuclecleic) enzymes
DNA methylation
If you have a 4 or 6 or 8 base enzyme which one cuts more frequently
4 b4cause it cuts more frequently
Two main principles that allow Gel electrophoresis to work
charge and, size
Vaccines what it is and how it works
Vacines help protect us from diseases they work by presenting harmless fragments of a disease to help protect against future infections since the body has seen it before.
Define what a str is
Short Tandem Repeat - sequence of nucleotides is repeated
