MIDTERM EXAM HIST 102 Flashcards
-near Mediterranean modern-day turkey
●Ottomans (Turks)
-organizing the government. In ways, we would see today such as land borders
●Nation-state (including the defining characteristics of a nation-state)
-becomes istanbull
●Constantinople (also know why the fall of Constantinople was important)
reclaim/reconquer or territory
●Reconquista
indulgences/corruption calls for
●(Protestant) Reformation
has a book - hisname 95 thesis
●Martin Luther
reaction to the protestant reformation
●Counter-Reformation
modern-day Mexico, slaves, rigid social classes
●Aztec
largest empire ever seen in the Americas that wasn’t found in modern day mancu pichu
Inca
city of great wealth in mexico
●Tenochtitlan
-Rules empire of 5 million people
-Unstable lots of enemies
-I had a jaguar as a pet
-We have his actual headdress and actual throne
Montezuma
initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state
Pachacuti earthshaker
known for conquering the Aztecs and claiming Mexico on behalf of Spain
●Hernando Cortes
hernando cortes wife
●La Malinche
conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla
●Francisco Pizarro
-New crops
-Population growth
-Horses, diseases, tobacco, livestock, and sugar cane to the Americas
Tomatoes to Eurasia “Italy”
●Columbian Exchange
agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus
●Treaty of Tordesillas
●“3 Gs”
gold, god, glory
when enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas
●Middle Passage
shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves,
●Triangle Trade Route
“I am the state”
Sold titles; destabilized nobility
Sun king
the political doctrine and practice of unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictato
●Absolutism
rule by god and not by the people
●Divine right
a battle where Parliamentarians and Royalists fought due to the manner of England’s governance and religious freedom
●English Civil War (know who fought and why)
him and mary had the power as they were members of parlemet
●James II
rev that
-Give power to parliament and take from the king
J-ames II to William and marry (have power)
●Glorious Revolution
piece of literature that caused
-Taxation
-Royal succession
-Appointments
-War
●English Bill of Rights
PERSON
Bourbon dynasty in France
Fear of the civil war
Divine right/absolutism
“I am the state”
Sold titles; destabilized nobility
Sun king
●Louis XIV
is how Louis xiv controls his nobility
●Versailles
the dominant religion of India that emphasizes dharma
Hinduism
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. T were part of a
●Caste system
(syncretic faith) = Hindu + Muslim
●Sikhism (Sikhs)
this group
Turkish Mongol descendants
Persian culture
Islam
More freedoms for women
●Mughals
burning a woman alive with her husband’s dead body
sati
The law based on the holy book of Islam the Karan - you marry your religion and state together
Sharia
Pay to pray tax
Jizya
Restored trade that his father destructed (Yongle)
Navy (Yongle)
Treasure fleet
Zheng He
The last dynasty was ruled by BLANK Chinese
●Han (ethnic group)
Post Mongol rule
Last han-ruled dynasty
●Ming
Confucianism+ Daoism + Buddhism (Syncretic religion)
●Neo-Confucianism
these people had a Banner system
●Manchu
this group
Taiping rebellion
-Natuonanalists vs manchus
-Civil war
●Qing
this was a common practice where men had to shave the front half of their head, leaving a bare forehead
●Queue edict
System created to control all foreign trade at a single port and make China rich as there was no competition at other cities.
●Canton System
a hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan
●Shogun
one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun
●Daimyo
the military government that ruled over Japan
●Tokugawa Shogunate
old: wind, water, muscle turned into
New: fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas)
Scientific Revolution
Best society/gov
Piolitical representation
Natural rights of men
Limits on rulers
Limits on religion
●Enlightenment
a gathering of people held by an inspiring host. During the gathering they amuse one another and increase their knowledge through conversation
●Salons
The book was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”
No divine right of kings
The people of sovereign
Inspires reforms/revolts in France
●Social Contract
an economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention
●Laissez-faire
an idea
Philosopher kings/rulers
Top-down elitist
Religious toleration
Reform; concern for subjects
Patronage of philosophes
Enlightened absolutism
this ruler caused-
Rise of Prussia (modern Germany-ish)
Fersa early years
Philosophes in potsam
●Frederick the Great
ersian minor princess; marries Peter III
●Catherine the Great
Thomas Jefferson
All men are created equal
Natural rights; life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Social contract broken
The capstone of the enlightenment
●Declaration of Independence
married to - Marie antoinette
●Louis XVI
Radical phase
Maximilian Rosepeire (leader of the phase)
Committee of public safety
New calendar, new days
Suppression of Christianity
●Reign of Terror
this person was the cause of the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary ‘suspects
●Maximilien Robespierre
1799 coup d’etat
Civil code
RC church restores
Emperor 1804
Victories & then failure
Napoleon Bonaparte
this person had cause -Slave revolts
Napolean
●Toussaint L’Ouverture
Venezuelan
“George Washington of South America”
Independence of Spain
Dictator of Peru & gran Columbia
●Simon Bolivar
Private ownership
Wage labor
Owners get profit
●capital/capitalism
this person had ideas of
Economic inequality
Class conflict/struggle
Bourgeoisie (Capitalists)
The proletariat (workers)
●Karl Marx
Utopian society: equality
No private property
A heavy progressive tax on wealthy
No inheritance
Everything communally owned
Total freedom (democracy)
●Communist Manifesto
Utopian society: equality
No private property
●Communism
transitional state between the end of capitalism & communism
●Socialism
the Bourgeoisie were the
capitalists
Proletariat were the
workers
a conflict between different social classes,
●Class struggle
single party rule
Corruption and special privilege
●Collectivization
means empire building
Imperialism
comparing current tools and technology against the desired state
●Technology gap
the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the inhabitants of their colonies.
●“White man’s burden”
Monopolies & forts; private army
Pepper, cotton, tea, coffee, silk, porcelain.
●British East India Company
Sepoys in the army were unhappy with the pay inequality compared to British soldiers
●Sepoy Rebellion
(crown rule) (queen ruling over India)
●British Raj
Tech gap; Britain wins
British forces fought a war in China that benefitted drug smugglers
●Opium War
an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government
●Boxer Rebellion
last emperor of China as the eleventh and final Qing dynasty monarch
●Emperor Puyi
Scramble for Africa
Belgium Britain France, Germany, and Italy
●Conference of Berlin
Personal colony: congo free state
Rubber plantations
Mercenaries
10 million dead
Belgian control
●King Leopold II
African American historian
Met with king leopard II
Highlighted abuses in an open letter
Letter to Leopold: “all the crimes perpetrated in the congo have been done in your name”
●George Washington Williams
Spain, cuba, purter rico, philippines
Cuba Libre
Philiemene american war
Panama canal zone
●Spanish-American War
End of Tokugawa rune and shogunate
Emperor restored power
Samurai class dismantled
●Meiji Restoration
