RA2: Major Groups of Bacteria Flashcards
Gram+ cocci
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus
Gram+ rods
Clostridium, Bacillus, Listeria, Corynebacteria
Gram- rods
Enterobacteriaceae family (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Proteus species, Shigella species, Yersinia pestis)
Gram- cocci
Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae
Bacteria not usually stained
Mycoplasmas, Mycobacteria, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, Borrelia
Catalase test
\+ = Staphylococcus - = Streptococcus
Coagulase test
\+ = S. aureus - = S. epidermidis and saprophyticus
Novobiocin test
Sensitive = S. epidermidis Resistant = S. saprophyticus
Hemolysis on blood agar test
Alpha = S. pneumoniae and Enterococcus Beta = S. pyogenes and agalactiae Gamma = Enterococcus
Optochin sensitivity test
Sensitive = S. pneumoniae Resistant = Enterococcus
Bacitracin sensitivity test
Sensitive = S. pyogenes Resistant = S. agalactiae
Anaerobic growth test
\+ = Clostridium - = Bacillus, Listeria, and Corynebacterium
Spore formation test
\+ = Bacillus - = Listeria and Corynebacterium
Motility test (for bacillus)
\+ = B. cereus - = B. anthracis or cereus
Motility test (for non-spore-forming Gram+ rods)
\+ = Listeria monocytogenes - = Corynebacteriuim diphtheriae
Lactose fermentation test
\+ = E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae - = Salmonella, Proteus, Shigella, Yersinia
H2S production test/motility test (in Enterobacteriaceae family)
\+ = Salmonella enterica and typhi, Proteus species - = Shigella species and Yersinia pestis
Maltose test
\+ = N. meningitidis - = N. gonorrhoeae
Characteristic of Mycoplasmas
Lack a cell well
Characteristic of Mycobacteria
Acid-fast staining
Characteristic of Chlamydia and Chlamydophila
Obligate intracellular parasites
Characteristic of Borrelia
Uses Wright’s staining
