RA 1 Exam 2 Facial Markings Flashcards
a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations; a wrinkle.
Furrow (sulcus)
an elongated depression in a relatively level plane (philtrum)
Groove
a recurved margin having greater projection than the adjacent surface
Fold
Natural facial markings - 9
Philtrum Nasolabial fold Nasal sulcus Oblique palpebral sulcus Angulus oris eminence Angulus oris sulcus Labiomental sulcus Submental sulcus Dimples
vertical groove located medially on the superior integumentary lip, shaped like a irregular parenthesis ().
Slightly raised at lateral margins
Greatest depth corresponds to widest part of curvature. Can become obscured in very old age.
Philtrum
the eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth, extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth.
3 Linear Outlines:
Curved
Straight
Sinuous (backward s)
Nasolabial fold
the angular area between the posterior margin of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold.
Nasal sulcus
the curving groove located below the inner corner of the eyelids.
Oblique palpebral sulcus
the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the mouth.
Angulus oris eminence
the groove at each end of the line of mouth closure.
Angulus oris sulcus
the junction of the lower lip and chin which may appear as a furrow.
Labiomental sulcus
the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrows (found only below the jawline).
Submental sulcus
rounded or elongated depressions of the cheek or chin.
always occur on transverse plane of closure with mouth
always on median line, more permanent than cheek ones
Dimples
Acquired facial marking - 11
Nasolabial sulcus Transverse frontal sulci Interciliary sulci Optic facial sulci Superior palpebral sulcus Inferior palpebral sulcus Bucco - facial sulcus Mandible sulcus Labial sulci Platysmal sulci Cords of the neck
furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the sides of the mouth.
caused by continual contraction of multi headed Quadratus Labii Superioris muscle
Nasolabial sulcus
the horizontal furrows of the forehead.
caused by the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle
Transverse frontal sulci
Vary in depth, curvature, inclination
Continuous or interrupted
Greatest depth toward lateral ends
Most common form is dip at central plane
the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows.
Interciliary sulci
crow’s feet - the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye.
usually 1st acquired facial marking to appear
caused by the continual contraction of orbicularis oculi
Optic facial sulci
the furrow of the superior border of the upper eyelid.
appearant with absence of fatty tissue & firm tissue
Superior palpebral sulcus
the furrow of the inferior border of the lower eyelid.
Inferior palpebral sulcus
the vertical furrow of the cheek.
can be short/extend up to eye/join into mandibular
Bucco - facial sulcus
The furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek.
Mandible sulcus
“Furrows of age”
The vertical furrows of the lips, extending from within the mucous membranes (red lips) into the integumentary lips (skin beyond red lip).
Occurs 1st in upper lips
Labial sulci
The transverse dipping furrow of the neck.
run across front sides of neck
Platysmal sulci
The vertical prominences (eminences) of the neck.
Cords of the neck
Factor responsible for facial marking:
Because we are genetically predisposed to them, come from genetic make-up of our parents, share some similarities with our family members
Heredity
Factor responsible for facial marking:
Number of facial markings we have increase with over time by loss of muscle mass, stretching of skin, past skin care
Age
Factor responsible for facial marking:
Exposed to excessive amounts of sun throughout life will tend to have a darker complexion with more lines and firmer, less soft skin texture
Environment
Factor responsible for facial marking:
More a muscle is worked the firmer it becomes. If muscles are not worked they can soften and sag which affect number and description of our facial markings
Muscle striation and action
Factor responsible for facial marking:
Objects will fall or sag downward in direction of earth. Standing in erect postion the direction is inferior and lying on backs in a supine position the sag will be posterior and lateral.
Position of the body
Factor responsible for facial marking:
State of deceased body when embalmer receives it can affect the facial markings. Sudden weight loss before death will usually have more wrinkles and facial sagging, gained weight may exhibit fewer markings cause they have been altered by excessive weight.
Condition of the body
The character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords of the neck, and dimples of the face. Caused by muscles,
Facial Markings
Factor responsible for facial marking:
- Rapid Loss of Weight
- Pathological Condition (Disease change)
- Corpulence (weight gain-less effect of wrinkles)
- Trauma (rebuild area with wax)
Condition of the body
a prominence or projection of a bone.
Eminence
a hollow or shallow concave area in a surface.
Depression
an elongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface.
Groove
a furrow, wrinkle or groove.
Sulcus
Classification of Facial Markings
Natural (born with)
vs.
Acquired (develop over life)
Asymmetry of Facial Markings
Neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
The termination of all facial markings is indefinite (as terminate it becomes part of its surrounding area)
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Physiognomy of Natural Facial Markings
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“Bags under eyes”
Forms a sac or bag like shape of sagging tissue. Fullness found between oblique palpebral sulcus and inferior palpebra sulcus.
Infraorbital Pouch (Orbital Pouch)
vertical furrows between the eyebrows. “frowning furrows”
caused by continual confrontation of corrugator muscle
Vertical Interciliary Sulci
horizontal furrows between the eyebrows. “frowning furrows”
caused by continual confrontation of procerus muscle
Transverse Interiliary Sulci
multi forms of sulci of mandibular jawline
Serrated Jawline
