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Restorative Art 1 > RA 1 Chap 1 > Flashcards

RA 1 Chap 1 Flashcards

0
Q

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color. It combines aspects of anatomical science and the creative art of sculpting.

A

Restorative Art

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1
Q

refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement.
It involves the 3D dimensions of length, width & projection

A

Form

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2
Q

Refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface
Affecting appearance of color:
Determined by spectrum composition
Highlights & Shadows affect appearance of color ( black & white pics shows shadows/highlights easier)

A

Color

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3
Q

Unless at least 2/3 of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted (may resemble a “wax replica”) (Mayer)

A

2/3 Rule

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5
Q
  1. Setting features
  2. Suturing Clean Cuts, skin flaps, positioning skin, muscle, features, etc
  3. Resetting fractures
  4. Puncture blisters
  5. Support surface tissues
  6. Minor buck teeth issues (dental prognatism)
  7. Removing dirt and external stains from body
A

Pre-Embalming

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6
Q

lack of symmetry or proportion, differences in paired features

A

Asymmetry

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6
Q
  1. Internal (active) dye
  2. Maintaining feature corrections/alignment
  3. LIMIT/Prevent Swelling (cold cotton presses), restricted cervical (tying off arteries to face)
  4. Bleaching discolored area
A

During Embalming (concurrent)

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7
Q
  1. Remove scabs
  2. Excise diseased or mutilated tissues/tumors
  3. Dry & Suture incisions, lacerations
  4. REDUCE Swellings (cold compress, gravity, ace bandaging, small incision, electric spatula)
  5. Deep wound preparation and Waxing (area must be firm & dry to adhere)
  6. Feature modeling (building nose etc, TISSUE BUILDING)
  7. Bleaching
  8. Masking discolorations (common-cosmetics)
  9. External coloring and cosmetics (translucent cosmetics)
  10. Correct buck-teeth
  11. Attach dismembered parts after embalming
  12. Hair replacement
A

Post Embalming

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8
Q

The study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features. To understand the variations of facial and cranial forms embalmers have to study this…

A

Physiognomy (topography of face)

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10
Q

the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)

A

Norm

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11
Q

3 Primary Race - Anthropological Classifications

A
  1. European (white-leptorrhine)
  2. Asiatic (yellow-Mesorrhine)
  3. African (black-Platyrrhine)
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12
Q

General incentives for training in Restorative Art

A
  1. General custom in a socialized society to view a body
  2. With improved embalming over time, it actually creates a better desire to the public to view
  3. Due to an increase in the number of deaths, due to accidents
  4. Increase in disfiguring diseases
  5. Becoming a competitive factor among mortuaries which serve the same community
  6. It may affect the types of services selected
  7. A closed casket, more often than not, does more psychological damage than an open casket
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13
Q

Personal incentives for training in Restorative Art

A
  1. Tell yourself that a “good” restorative artist is a specialist and are more valuable to your employer
  2. You will derive personal satisfaction
  3. It is a humanitarian act; you are helping people
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14
Q

What did morticians work with?

A
  1. Skin transplanting
  2. Plaster of Paris
  3. Clay
  4. Yellow soap - it was soap made at home, tried to carve it to make shapes
  5. Candle wax/paraffin
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15
Q

a specialized anatomy that studies the relationship of surface markings with underlying structures

A

Topographical Anatomy

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16
Q

“not symmetrical” - analyze the differences between two sides of a feature or both sides of the face or differences between paired features

A

Asymmetry

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17
Q

those restorative treatments requiring skill, effort and/or a long period of time
* Reconstructing or rebuilding, excising tissue, restoring hair, cutting hair, correct buckteeth

A

Major restoration

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18
Q

don’t need permission, restoration that requires minimal skill, effort and/or time to complete
* Waxing lips, cuts, and abrasions, applying external pressure to reduce swelling, hypodermic tissue building (hypodermic needle used to inject something into the skin to fill it out), tissue filling (restricting draining while injecting embalming fluid to allow the tissue to fill out)

A

Minor Restoration

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19
Q

When NOT to do Restorative Work

A

i. When it’s against religious beliefs
ii. Major RA when permission cannot be obtained
iii. When improvement cannot be made - death due to fire, drowning, excessive decomposition, etc.
iv. Disfigurements of longstanding - scars, birthmarks, protruding teeth, goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

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20
Q

Closely related to restorative are, its the study of humans as a biological species with interest in evolution and modern human variation.

A

Physical Anthropology

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21
Q

restorative art art had its beginning in the US in 1912 when know as this. Its the art of building or creating parts of the body which had been destroyed by accident, disease, decomposition, or discoloration, and making the body perfectly natural and lifelike (Johnson & Williams)

A

Demi-Surgery

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22
Q

credited as founder of restorative art, researched techniques, developed special waxes and cosmetics, and educated undertakers through classes and published articles.

A

Joseph Crandall

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23
Q

orderly classification of plants or animals by their presumed natural relationships. IE wood casket made from tress classified as either deciduous/hardward or coniferous/softwood

A

Taxonomy

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24
Q

refers to the different shapes that the face, cranium, and facial features assume

A

Craniofacial Morphology/Shape

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25
Q

Top layer of the skin

A

stratum corneum

26
Q

African & Asiatic Stratum Corneum

A

more compact & greater permeability. Darker skins contain approx. 40-60% more sebaceous (oil-producing) glands. Evident by graying of white massage cream left on dark skin deceased.

27
Q

the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body.

A

Anatomical position

28
Q

anatomically towards the head.

A

Superior

29
Q

anatomically towards the feet.

A

Inferior

30
Q

anatomically towards the front.

A

Anterior (ventral)

31
Q

anatomically towards the rear or caudal end.

A

Posterior (dorsal)

32
Q

Nearer the median plane of the body. anatomically towards the midline.

A

Medial

33
Q

Away from the median line. anatomically towards the side.

A

Lateral

34
Q

a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings

A

Projection

35
Q

the withdrawal of a part from its normal position.

A

Recession

36
Q

a hollow or shallow concave area

A

Depression

37
Q

the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting.

A

Protrusion

38
Q

exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface; a concavity.

A

Concave

39
Q

curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere.

A

Convex

40
Q

slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique.

A

Inclination

41
Q

correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite
sides of the face.

A

Symmetry

42
Q

lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion.

A

Asymmetry

43
Q

two sides.

A

Bilateral

44
Q

dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object.

A

Bilateral differences

45
Q

a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions.

A

Median (Sagittal) Plane

46
Q

If the division of body is into two equal halves, it is called

A

Mid-Sagittal or Median

47
Q

divides the body into superior and inferior sections

A

Horizontal (Transverse)

48
Q

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

A

Frontal (Coronal)

49
Q 
Men vs Women Comparison
Men
larger skeleton
more skeleton muscle
larger & thicker skull
oval shape skull
taller
heavier bones
narrow deep pelvis
long narrow leaner face
supraorbital margins (if present)
more facial markings
less pronounced frontal eminences
A 
Men vs Women Comparison
Women
smaller skeleton
less skeleton muscle
smaller thinner skull
oval shape skull
shorter
lighter bones
broad shallow pelvis
wider shorter face
no supraorbital margins
fewer facial markings
more pronounced frontal eminences
50
Q

inferior or superior view, assist to make comparisons

A

Bilateral silhouette

51
Q

First peoples to practice any type of RA

A

Egyptians

52
Q

– Practice of reading faces
– Plato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of
facial meanings

A

Chinese & Mediterranean

53
Q

Restoration began at the end of the Civil War

A

Civil War Era

54
Q

Early & Attempts (and problems) with RA

A
  • Plastic surgery – Skin transplant (discoloration, dehydration)
  • Plaster of Paris (glossary) – Draws moisture from surrounding tissues
  • Clay & Putty – Too dark & oily. Difficult to hide w/ cosmetics
  • Soap
  • Waxes (glossary) – Finally manufacturers produced a practical substance – Influence of mortuary science schools (1920’s)
55
Q

calcium sulfate; a white powdery substance which forms a quick-setting paste when mixed with water.

A

Plaster of Paris

56
Q

Additional Terminology - Direction Descriptives
Frontal (anterior view)
Margins (boundaries or edges)
Oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)
Pyramid
Recession (recessed; withdrawl from normal position)
Sunken
Vertex (crown or topmost part)

A

1

57
Q

Major Restorations (types)
Full head of hair
Deep wound preparation and care of deep lacerations (basket weave suture)
Repair or reconstruction of multiple fractures
Buck-teeth (dental prognathism)
3rd degree burns
Repair missing feature or part

A

Major Restorations - considerations
• Should the family be charged for major restorative work?
– FTC allow?
(Has to be included on GPL to charge for it)
(Prices should be based on expenses & not competition rates)
• How do you discuss this with the family?
• Be aware of promises (timelines, expectations)
• Clarity (understanding)

58
Q 
Minor Restorations (types)
Tissue building
Waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.)
Bleaching/concealing discolorations
Removal of fever blisters
Minor hair replacement (eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)
Reducing swelling (non-surgical)
A 
Distinguishing Characteristics NOT to be Altered or Concealed
Moles
Warts
Scars
Birthmarks
59
Q

Psychological Effect (viewing)

A

Viewing the deceased is valuable in helping the grieving family adjust to their lost. Research showed that 90% of the reviewed authors felt that viewing the deceased would be beneficial to the grief recovery of mourners. It helps people understand and confront the reality of what has happened.

60
Q

Incentives for Achieving Proficiency
Good communication is key when interacting with families.
STORY: funeral director told family deceased not viewable but family saw doctor in store who told her deceased was viewable.

A

Will there be times when you cant do something? Yes i.e. Decomposition & blunt trauma beyond repair

Professional Responsibility
Deals with funeral home reputation

FD has 2 opportunities to encourage a family to view:
1st viewing provides bereaved in facing reality of death
2nd discussing appearance of the body, technical skill & care the professional staff will provide natural & pleasing appearance.

2 key communication times is with family & embalmer. Never promise to do anything without first looking into it.

61
Q

A hollow place or part

A

Cavity

61
Q

a restorative modeling or surfacing material composed of beeswax, spermaceti, paraffin, starch, etc. and a coloring pigment which will soften at body temperature and will reflect light in a manner similar to normal skin.

A

Wax

Restorative Art 1 (6 decks)

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