R5 Plant Cell vs Animal Cell Flashcards
enumerate the organelles that compose a eukaryotic cell
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and vesicles & vacuoles
what is something both plant and animal cell have
microtubule organizing centers (MTOC’s)
what is something animal cells have that plant cells do not
centrioles with the MTOC: a complex named centrosome. they each have centrosome and lysosome
what is something plant cells have that animal cells do not
cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and large central vacuole
microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells
Centrosome
contains a pair of centrioles— define centrioles
Centrosome— two structures that lie perpendicular to each other
each centrioles is a ___________
cylinder of nine triplets of microtubules
organelle where all microtubules originate, replicates itself before a cell divides
Centrosome
have some role in pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell. however, ______
Centrosome— it’s not clear since cells without centrosome can still divide and plant cells that do not contain centrosome can still divide.
organelles not found in plant cells
Lysosomes
cells’ garbage disposal
Lysosomes
what helps lysosomes breakdown protiens, polysaccharide, lipids, nucleic acid, and worn-out organelles
enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes)
active at a much lower pH that that of a cytoplasm
enzymes of Lysosomes
because of lysosomes’s low pH it is more ____ than cytoplasms’
acidic
reaction in the cytoplasm can’t occur in low pH. thus, —
compartmentalizing the eukaryotic cell into organelles is apparent
rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell
Cell Wall
what cells also have cell walls
fungal and protistan cells
chief component of prokaryotic cell walls
Peptidoglycan
polysaccharide made up of glucose units, the major organice molecule in the plant cell wall
Cellulose
plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
chloroplast have their own _____
DNA and ribosome
series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen
Photosynthesis
what component is the major difference between plant and animal cells
Chloroplast
what similarities does chloroplast and mitochondria have?
they both have outer and inner membrans
what are plants
autotrophs- make their own food
what are animals
heterotrophs- digest food
within the space enclosed by a chloroplast’s inner membrane, a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs
Thylakoids
each stack of thylakoids
Granum - plural Grana
fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana
Stroma
chloroplasts’s green pigment and captures light energy
Chlorophyll
what also have chloroplast
photosynthetic protists
some bacteria perform photosynthesis, but _____
their chlorophyll is not downgraded to an organelle
plays a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions
Central Vacuole
what happens when a plant wilts
water concentration in the soil becomes lower than the water concentration in the plant
then, water moves out of the central vacuoles and cytoplasm
as the central vacuole shrinks it leaves the cell wall unsupported resulting in the wilted appearance
