R5 Plant Cell vs Animal Cell

Question 1

enumerate the organelles that compose a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and vesicles & vacuoles

Question 2

what is something both plant and animal cell have

Answer 2

microtubule organizing centers (MTOC’s)

Question 3

what is something animal cells have that plant cells do not

Answer 3

centrioles with the MTOC: a complex named centrosome. they each have centrosome and lysosome

Question 4

what is something plant cells have that animal cells do not

Answer 4

cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and large central vacuole

Question 5

microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

Answer 5

Centrosome

Question 6

contains a pair of centrioles— define centrioles

Answer 6

Centrosome— two structures that lie perpendicular to each other

Question 7

each centrioles is a ___________

Answer 7

cylinder of nine triplets of microtubules

Question 8

organelle where all microtubules originate, replicates itself before a cell divides

Answer 8

Centrosome

Question 9

have some role in pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell. however, ______

Answer 9

Centrosome— it’s not clear since cells without centrosome can still divide and plant cells that do not contain centrosome can still divide.

Question 10

organelles not found in plant cells

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

cells’ garbage disposal

Answer 11

Lysosomes

Question 12

what helps lysosomes breakdown protiens, polysaccharide, lipids, nucleic acid, and worn-out organelles

Answer 12

enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes)

Question 13

active at a much lower pH that that of a cytoplasm

Answer 13

enzymes of Lysosomes

Question 14

because of lysosomes’s low pH it is more ____ than cytoplasms’

Answer 14

acidic

Question 15

reaction in the cytoplasm can’t occur in low pH. thus, —

Answer 15

compartmentalizing the eukaryotic cell into organelles is apparent

Question 16

rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Answer 16

Cell Wall

Question 17

what cells also have cell walls

Answer 17

fungal and protistan cells

Question 18

chief component of prokaryotic cell walls

Answer 18

Peptidoglycan

Question 19

polysaccharide made up of glucose units, the major organice molecule in the plant cell wall

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis

Answer 20

Chloroplasts

Question 21

chloroplast have their own _____

Answer 21

DNA and ribosome

Question 22

series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen

Answer 22

Photosynthesis

Question 23

what component is the major difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 23

Chloroplast

Question 24

what similarities does chloroplast and mitochondria have?

Answer 24

they both have outer and inner membrans

Question 25

what are plants

Answer 25

autotrophs- make their own food

Question 26

what are animals

Answer 26

heterotrophs- digest food

Question 27

within the space enclosed by a chloroplast’s inner membrane, a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs

Answer 27

Thylakoids

Question 28

each stack of thylakoids

Answer 28

Granum - plural Grana

Question 29

fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana

Answer 29

Stroma

Question 30

chloroplasts’s green pigment and captures light energy

Answer 30

Chlorophyll

Question 31

what also have chloroplast

Answer 31

photosynthetic protists

Question 32

some bacteria perform photosynthesis, but _____

Answer 32

their chlorophyll is not downgraded to an organelle

Question 33

plays a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions

Answer 33

Central Vacuole

Question 34

what happens when a plant wilts

Answer 34

water concentration in the soil becomes lower than the water concentration in the plant
then, water moves out of the central vacuoles and cytoplasm
as the central vacuole shrinks it leaves the cell wall unsupported resulting in the wilted appearance