R3 Common Components of All Cells

Question 1

phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its environment

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group

Answer 2

Phospolipid

Question 3

controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell

Answer 3

Plasma Membrane

Question 4

waste (?) leave the cell by passing through the ___

Answer 4

Plasma Membrane (carbon and ammonia)

Question 5

plasma membrane that specialize in absorption

Answer 5

Microvilli

Question 6

folded fingerlike projections

Answer 6

Microvilli

Question 7

found typically in the small intestine, ?

Answer 7

Microvilli, an organ that absorbs nutrients from digested

Question 7

found typically in the small intestine, ?

Answer 7

Microvilli, an organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food

Question 8

immune response to gluten, which is a protein food in wheat, barley, and rye

Answer 8

Celiac Disease

Question 9

explain the impact of Celiac Disease

Answer 9

immune response damages microvilli and afflicted individuals cannot absorb nutrients
leading to malnutrition, cramping, and diarrhea
thus, those who suffer from this disease must follow a gluten-free diet

Question 10

entire region of a cell within the plasma membrane

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

in eukaryotes, it’s made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like ____, cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

Answer 11

Cytoplasm, cytosol

Question 12

the ____ consists of _ to _ % ______

Answer 12

Cytoplasm, 70 to 80, water

Question 13

where does the semi-solid consistency of the cytoplasm comes from

Answer 13

the proteins

Question 14

what organic molecules can be found in the cytoplasm

Answer 14

proteins, glucose & other simple sugars, polysaccharide, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and derivatives of glycerol

Question 15

what elements dissolve in the cytoplasm

Answer 15

ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and many other elements

Question 16

what takes place in the cytoplasm

Answer 16

metabolic reactions like protein synthesis

Question 17

genetic material of a cell that serves as a hereditary blueprint, and instructions for making all the other parts of the cell and for producing new cells are stored here

Answer 17

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 18

in eukaryotic cells (?) where is the DNA contained

Answer 18

(plants, animals, fungi, protists) it is contained within a separate membrane-bound structure called nucleus

Question 19

in prokaryotic cells (?) where is the DNA contained

Answer 19

(eubacteria, archaebacteria) is not contained by membranes from the rest of the cell’s interior- thus prokaryotic DNA’s location is called nucleoid

Question 20

cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

appear either as ____ (?) or _____, ____ _____ that float freely

Answer 21

Ribosomes, clusters (polyribosome), single tiny dots

Question 22

may be attached to the _____ of the _____ or the _______ and the ___________

Answer 22

cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or
cytoplasmic side of the endoplsmic reticulum
outer membrane of the nuclear envelope

Question 23

an essential function of all cells and in (?), making ____ found in every cell

Answer 23

Protein Synthesis, (enzymes, hormones, antibodies, pigments, structural components, and surface receptors) Ribosomes

Question 24

abundant in cells that synthesize large amount of protein

Answer 24

Ribosomes