R3 Common Components of All Cells Flashcards
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its environment
Plasma Membrane
lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group
Phospolipid
controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell
Plasma Membrane
waste (?) leave the cell by passing through the ___
Plasma Membrane (carbon and ammonia)
plasma membrane that specialize in absorption
Microvilli
folded fingerlike projections
Microvilli
found typically in the small intestine, ?
Microvilli, an organ that absorbs nutrients from digested
found typically in the small intestine, ?
Microvilli, an organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food
immune response to gluten, which is a protein food in wheat, barley, and rye
Celiac Disease
explain the impact of Celiac Disease
immune response damages microvilli and afflicted individuals cannot absorb nutrients
leading to malnutrition, cramping, and diarrhea
thus, those who suffer from this disease must follow a gluten-free diet
entire region of a cell within the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
in eukaryotes, it’s made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like ____, cytoskeleton, and various chemicals
Cytoplasm, cytosol
the ____ consists of _ to _ % ______
Cytoplasm, 70 to 80, water
where does the semi-solid consistency of the cytoplasm comes from
the proteins
what organic molecules can be found in the cytoplasm
proteins, glucose & other simple sugars, polysaccharide, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and derivatives of glycerol
what elements dissolve in the cytoplasm
ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and many other elements
what takes place in the cytoplasm
metabolic reactions like protein synthesis
genetic material of a cell that serves as a hereditary blueprint, and instructions for making all the other parts of the cell and for producing new cells are stored here
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
in eukaryotic cells (?) where is the DNA contained
(plants, animals, fungi, protists) it is contained within a separate membrane-bound structure called nucleus
in prokaryotic cells (?) where is the DNA contained
(eubacteria, archaebacteria) is not contained by membranes from the rest of the cell’s interior- thus prokaryotic DNA’s location is called nucleoid
cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
appear either as ____ (?) or _____, ____ _____ that float freely
Ribosomes, clusters (polyribosome), single tiny dots
may be attached to the _____ of the _____ or the _______ and the ___________
cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or
cytoplasmic side of the endoplsmic reticulum
outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
an essential function of all cells and in (?), making ____ found in every cell
Protein Synthesis, (enzymes, hormones, antibodies, pigments, structural components, and surface receptors) Ribosomes
abundant in cells that synthesize large amount of protein
Ribosomes
