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Helicopter Commercial Pilot > R44-II POH Section 3 (Emergency Procedures) > Flashcards

R44-II POH Section 3 (Emergency Procedures) Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

Define land immediately

A

land on nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach if required.

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2
Q

Define land as soon as practical

A

At pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport not recommended.

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3
Q

What causes a power failure?

A

Engine or drive system failure that is usually indicated by a low RPM horn.

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4
Q

What indicates engine failure?

A

Change in noise level, nose left yaw, oil pressure light, decreasing engine RPM.

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5
Q

What indicates drive system failure?

A

Unusual noise or vibration, right or left yaw, decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing.

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6
Q

What should you do with a power failure?

A

Immediately lower collective to enter autorotation. Aft cyclic will be required.

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7
Q

What is EP for power failure above 500’ AGL?

A
  1. Lower collective to maintain rotor RPM
  2. Establish steady glide of 70 KIAS
  3. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 108% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%
  4. Select landing spot and if possible maneuver into the wind
  5. Restart at pilot’s discretion
  6. Turn off all unneccesary switches and fuel valve off if restart not possible
  7. Flare at 40’ AGL to reduce rate of descent and forward speed
  8. Forward cyclic at 8’ AGL and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
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8
Q

What is EP for power failure below 8’ AGL?

A
  1. Apply right pedal to prevent yaw
  2. Allow aircraft to settle
  3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing

“Pedal, settle, pull”

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9
Q

What is the maximum glide distance configuration?

A
  • Airspeed approximately 90 KIAS
  • Rotor RPM approx 90%
  • Best glide ratio is about 4.7:1 or one nm per 1300’ AGL.
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10
Q

What is the air restart procedure?

A
  1. Mixture - off
  2. Throttle - closed
  3. Actuate starter with left hand
  4. Mixture - move slowly rich while cranking
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11
Q

What is EP for emergency water landing - power off?

A
  1. Same procedure as power failure over land until contacting water
  2. Unlatch doors prior to water contact if time permits
  3. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors
  4. Release seatbelt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop
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12
Q

What is EP for emergency water landing - power on?

A
  1. Descend to hover over water
  2. Unlatch doors
  3. Passengers exit aircraft
  4. Fly to safe distance from passenger
  5. Switch battery and alternator off
  6. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring
  7. Keep level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water
  8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors
  9. Release seatbelt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop
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13
Q

What is EP for loss of tail rotor in forward flight?

A

(Indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by left pedal.)
1. Immediately enter autorotation
2. Maintain 70 KIAS if practical
3. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, and perform autorotation landing.

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14
Q

What is EP for loss of tail rotor thrust in hover?

A
  1. Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring
  2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
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15
Q

What is EP for engine fire during start on ground?

A
  1. Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine
  2. If starts, run at 60-70% for a short time
  3. Fuel mixture off
  4. Fuel valve off
  5. Battery switch off
  6. If time permits apply rotor brake
  7. Exit helicopter
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16
Q

What is EP for engine fire in flight?

A
  1. Enter autorotation
  2. Cabin heat off
  3. Cabin vent on
  4. If engine is running - perform normal landing, then fuel mixture off and fuel valve off. If engine stops running - fuel valve off and complete autorotation
  5. Battery switch off
  6. If time permits apply rotor brake
  7. Exit helicopter
17
Q

What is EP for electrical fire in flight?

A
  1. Battery and alternator switches off (remember low RPM and governor are inoperative when off.)
  2. Open cabin vents
  3. Land immediately
  4. Fuel mixture off and fuel valve off
  5. If time permits apply rotor brake
  6. Exit helicopter
18
Q

What is EP for a tachometer failure?

A
  1. Use remaining tach to monitor RPM
  2. If not clear which is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical
19
Q

What is EP for governor failure?

A
  1. Grip throttle firmly to override the governor
  2. Switch governor off
  3. Complete flight using manual throttle control
20
Q

What is EP for oil light?

A

Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure
1. Check engine tach for power loss
2. Check oil pressure gauge and if pressure loss confirmed land immediately

21
Q

What is EP for MR Temp, MR Chip, or TR Chip light?

A

If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately. If no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.

22
Q

What is EP for low fuel light?

A

Indicates approx one gallon of usable fuel. Will run out of fuel in 5-10 min.

23
Q

What is EP for clutch light?

A

When switch is engaged the light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. If on over 10 seconds, pull clutch circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of a drive system failure. Be prepared to enter autorotation. Have drive system inspected.

24
Q

What is EP for alternator light?

A

Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure
1. Turn off non essential electrical equipment
2. Switch ALT off and on after one second to reset
3. If light stays on land as soon as practical

25
Q

What is EP for starter light on

A

If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have starter motor serviced.

26
Q

What is EP for low RPM horn and caution light?

A
  1. Immediately roll throttle on while simultaneously lowering the collective, and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic.
27
Q

What is EP for a right roll in low “G” condition?

A
  1. Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive “G” forces and maintain rotor thrust
  2. Do not apply lateral cyclic until positive “G” forces have been established
28
Q

What is EP for uncommanded pitch, roll, or yaw resulting from flight in turbulence?

A

Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor RPM, positive “G” forces, and to eliminate sideslip. Minimize cyclic inputs in turbulence. Do Not Overcontrol

29
Q

What is EP for inadvertent encounter with moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence?

A

If isolated, depart the area. Otherwise, land the helicopter as soon as practical.

30
Q

What is EP for carbon monoxide light?

A

Open cabin vent and window. Turn off heat. If hovering, transition to forward flight. If symptoms of CO poisoning land immediately.

31
Q

Define the steps for an autorotation

A
  1. clearing turns
  2. pre auto guage scan: airspeed 70, gauges green, MAP <18”
  3. “Wrist uncomfortable. Eyes on horizon. Entering auto now.”
  4. Initiate auto: “Down collective, right pedal, aft cyclic” (simultaneous)
  5. “Wrist (throttle), tach (eyes), catch (collective)”
  6. in glide, scan tach airspeed outside
  7. Recover: “eyes on tach, crack to 80, governor has it, loosen grip”
32
Q

Explain the conditions, indications, prevention protocol and recovery for Retreating Blade Stall.

A

Conditions: advancing side of the disk has a low AOA and high relative wind velocity, retreating side has a low relative wind velocity and high AOA. Blade stall happens when the retreating blade reaches and exceeds the critical AOA and can no longer compensate for dissymetry of lift
Indications: Nose pitch up and left roll due to increased lift on advancing side and gyroscopic precession, low frequency vibrations
Prevention: situational awareness with airspeed/attitude, acknowledge Vne during preflight and comply
Recovery: Lower collective first to reduce AOA, then slow down with gentle aft cyclic. Correct for roll as needed. Immediate aft cyclic without lowering collective will increase AOA further and make it worse

33
Q

Explain the conditions, indications, prevention protocol and recovery for Low G / Mast Bumping.

A

Conditions: Only a hazard on semi-rigid rotor systems. Pushing forward into a dive disrupts the balance because thrust is now acting forward while gravity is acting down. This causes the rotor system to be temporarily unloaded. Can also be caused by unexpected turbulence-the helicopter doesn’t need a nose forward attitude. The light feeling from an auto is NOT low G because lowering collective reduces lift and torque together
Indications: light-in-the-seat feeling, and a right roll caused by TR torque
Prevention: avoid conditions and inputs where it might occur (pushing forward after a steep climb, pushing forward into a dive, sideslip)
Recovery: Apply aft cyclic to reload the rotor system and then correct for roll. If roll is corrected first, the underslung rotor system will hit the mast and detach the rotor blades from the helicopter

34
Q

Explain the conditions, indications, prevention protocol and recovery for Vortex Ring State.

A

Conditions: Powered flight, more than 300fpm descent and less than ETL (16-24 kts). The helicopter settles into its own downwash, which enlarges the wingtip vortices and increases the stall region on the blades. If allowed to develop, a second set of vortices is generated, further increasing the stall region. As collective pitch is applied (in a recovery attempt) the additional power is wasted in recirculating the air and further increases the stall region
Indications: turbulent, unstable condition with uncommanded pitch and roll oscillations, little to no collective authority, and increasing descent rate
Prevention: maintain forward airspeed greater than 30 knots when descending, or less than 300fpm descent
Recovery: Increase airspeed (forward cyclic) and lower collective if altitude permits. Vuichard method: left pedal, right cyclic, raise collective. If fully developed, enter autorotation

Helicopter Commercial Pilot (10 decks)

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