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Aviation > R22 Emergency Procedures > Flashcards

R22 Emergency Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Land Immediately

A

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required.

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2
Q

Land as soon as practical

A

Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.

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3
Q

POWER FAILURE - GENERAL

A

A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicated by the low RPM horn. An engine failure may be indicated by a change in noise level, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreasing engine RPM. A drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing. In case of power failure, immediately lower collective to enter autorotation.

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4
Q

POWER FAILURE ABOVE 500 FEET AGL

A
  1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
  2. Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS. (For maximum glide distance, see page 3-3.)
  3. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
  4. Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind.
  5. A restart may be attempted at pilot’s discretion if sufficient time is available (See “Air Restart Procedure”, page 3-3).
  6. If unable to restart, turn unnecessary switches and fuel valve off.
  7. At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
  8. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
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5
Q

POWER FAILURE BETWEEN 8 FEET AND 500 FEET AGL

A
  1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
  2. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
  3. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
  4. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude and nose straight ahead.
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6
Q

POWER FAILURE BELOW 8 FEET AGL

A
  1. Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing.
  2. Allow the aircraft to settle.
  3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
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7
Q

MAXIMUM GLIDE DISTANCE CONFIGURATION

A
  1. Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS.
  2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%.
  3. Best glide ratio is about 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1500 feet AGL.
    Caution: Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500 feet AGL.
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8
Q

AIR RESTART PROCEDURE

A
  1. Mixture - Full rich.
  2. Primer (if installed) - down and locked.
  3. Throttle - closed, then cracked slightly.
  4. Actuate starter with left hand.
    Caution: Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established.
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9
Q

EMERGENCY WATER LANDING – POWER OFF

A
  1. Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact.
  2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.
  3. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
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10
Q

EMERGENCY WATER LANDING – POWER ON

A
  1. Descend to hover above water.
  2. Unlatch doors.
  3. Passenger exit aircraft.
  4. Fly to safe distance from passenger to avoid possible injury by rotors.
  5. Switch battery and alternator OFF.
  6. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring.
  7. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
  8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors.
  9. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
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11
Q

LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR THRUST DURING FORWARD FLIGHT

A
  1. Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.
  2. Immediately enter autorotation.
  3. Maintain at least 70 KIAS airspeed if practical.
  4. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring and perform autorotation landing.
    NOTE
    When a suitable landing site is not
    available, the vertical fin may permit
    limited controlled flight at very low
    power settings and airspeeds above 70
    KIAS; however, prior to reducing
    airspeed, re-enter full autorotation.
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12
Q

LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR THRUST DURING HOVER

A

1 . Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal.

  1. Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle.
  2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
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13
Q

ENGINE FIRE DURING START ON GROUND

A
  1. Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would
    suck flames and excess fuel through carburetor into
    engine.
  2. If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time,
    shut down, and inspect for damage.
  3. If engine fails to start, shut off fuel and master battery
    switch.
  4. Extinguish fire with fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or
    dirt.
  5. Inspect for damage.
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14
Q

FIRE IN FLIGHT

A
  1. Enter autorotation.
  2. Master battery switch - Off (if time permits).
  3. Cabin heat - Off (if installed and time permits).
  4. Cabin vent - On (if time permits).
  5. If engine is running, perform normal landing and
    immediately shut off fuel valve.
  6. If engine stops running, shut off fuel valve and execute
    autorotation landing as described on pages 3-1 and 3-2.
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15
Q

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT

A 
1 . Master battery switch - Off.
2. Alt switch - Off.
3. Land immediately.
4. Extinguish fire and inspect for damage.
CAUTION
Low RPM warning system and governor
are inoperative with master battery and
alternator switches both off.
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16
Q

TACHOMETER FAILURE

A 
If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
NOTE
Each tach, the governor, and the low
RPM warning horn are on separate
circuits. Either the battery or the
alternator can independently supply
power to the tachs. A special circuit
allows the battery to supply power to
the tachs even if the master battery
switch is off.
17
Q

GOVERNOR FAILURE

A

If the engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.

18
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS

A

NOTE
If a light causes excessive glare at night,
bulb may be unscrewed or circuit breaker
pulled to eliminate glare during landing.

19
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - OIL

A

Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure.
Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil
pressure gage and, if pressure loss is
confirmed, land immediately. Continued
operation without oil pressure will cause
serious engine damage and engine failure may
occur.

20
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - MR TEMP

A

Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor

gearbox. See note below.

21
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - MR CHIP

A

Indicates metallic particles in main rotor

gearbox. See note below.

22
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - TR CHIP

A

Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox.
NOTE
If light is accompanied by any indication
of a problem such as noise, vibration, or
temperature rise, land immediately. If
there is no other indication of a problem,
land as soon as practical.
Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate
chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers
are found on detector plug, clean and
reinstall (tail rotor gearbox must be
refilled with new oil). Hover for at least
30 minutes. If chip light comes on again,
replace gearbox before further flight.

23
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - LOW

FUEL

A

Indicates approximately one gallon of usable
fuel remaining for all-aluminum fuel tanks or 1.5
gallons for bladder-style tanks. The engine will
run out of fuel after approximately five minutes
at cruise power for aircraft with all-aluminum
tanks or ten minutes with bladder-style tanks.
CAUTION
Do not use low fuel caution light as
a working indication of fuel quantity.

24
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - CLUTCH

A 
Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either
engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch
is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until
belts are properly tensioned. Never take off
before light goes out.
NOTE
Clutch light may come on momentarily
during run-up or during flight to
retension belts as they warm-up and
stretch slightly. This is normal. If,
however, the light flickers or comes
on in flight and does not go out within
10 seconds, pull CLUTCH circuit
breaker and land as soon as practical.
Reduce power and land immediately
if there are other indications of drive
system failure (be prepared to enter
autorotation). Inspect drive system
for a possible malfunction.
25
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - ALT

A

Indicates low voltage and possible alternator
failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment
and switch ALT off and back on after one
second to reset overvoltage relay. If light stays
on, land as soon as practical. Continued flight
without functioning alternator can result in loss of
electronic tachometer, producing a hazardous flight
condition.

26
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - BRAKE

A

Indicates rotor brake is engaged. Release
immediately in flight or before starting
engine.

27
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - STARTER-ON

A

Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light
does not go out when ignition switch is
released from start position, immediately
pull mixture off and turn battery switch
off. Have starter motor serviced.

28
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - GOV-OFF

A

Indicates engine RPM throttle governor is

off.

29
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - CARBON MONOXIDE (if installed)

A 
Indicates elevated levels of carbon
monoxide (CO) in cabin. Shut off heater
and open nose and door vents. If hovering,
land or transition to forward flight. If
symptoms of CO poisoning (headache,
drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light,
land immediately.
30
Q

WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS - FULL THROTTLE (if installed)

A

Indicates engine near full throttle. The
governor will be ineffective because it
cannot increase throttle to maintain RPM.
Lower collective as required to extinguish
light.

31
Q

LOW RPM HORN & CAUTION LIGHT

A

A horn and an illuminated caution light indicate that
rotor RPM may be below safe limits. To restore RPM,
immediately roll throttle on, lower collective and, in
forward flight, apply aft cyclic. The horn and caution light
are disabled when collective is full down.

32
Q

RIGHT ROLL IN LOW “G” CONDITION

A

Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive “G”
forces and main rotor thrust. Do not apply lateral
cyclic until positive “G” forces have been established.

33
Q

UNCOMMANDED PITCH, ROLL, OR YAW RESULTING

FROM FLIGHT IN TURBULENCE.

A

Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor RPM,
positive “G” forces, and to eliminate sideslip.
Minimize cyclic control inputs in turbulence; do not
overcontrol.

34
Q

INADVERTENT ENCOUNTER WITH MODERATE, SEVERE,

OR EXTREME TURBULENCE.

A

If the area of turbulence is isolated, depart the area;

otherwise, land the helicopter as soon as practical.

Aviation (5 decks)

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