R.1-R.9 Flashcards
What is matter?
anything that has mass and occupies space
What are the three states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
What are the properties of solids?
solids have a fixed volume and shape
What are the properties of liquids?
liquids have a fixed volume but not shape
What are the properties of gases?
gases don’t have a fixed volume nor a fixed shape
What is a property of elements?
can’t be broken down into simpler substances
What is a property of compounds?
can be broken down into elements via chemical reactions
What are mixtures?
mixtures have a variable composition (consists of different substances)
What is a homogenous mixture?
a homogeneous mixture has visually indistinguishable components (ex. Gatorade, air, wine, steel)
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
a heterogeneous mixture has visually distinguishable components (ex. A bowl of soup)
What are physical changes?
physical changes change the form of the substance and NOT the chemical composition
What are chemical changes?
chemical changes change one substance into a new substance with different properties and composition
Is saltwater a mixture, compound, or element?
Mixture (has more than just one compound present)
Is helium gas a mixture, compound, or element?
element
Is table sugar a mixture, compound, or element?
compound (uniformly one compound)
What is the equation for density?
density (g/ml) = mass (g) / volume (mL)
Density is an _____ property and doesn’t ______
density is an inartistic property and doesn’t change the amount of matter present
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy can be converted from one form to another form but can’t be created nor destroyed
What is energy?
the capacity to do work or produce heat
What is heat?
energy that flows between one object to another because of temperature differences
What is work?
force acting of a distance
What is potential energy?
energy due to position or composition
What is kinetic energy?
energy due to the motion of an object
What charges attract?
positive and negative
The greater the distance there is between charges, the more _____ energy there is
potential
What is the meaning of endothermic?
reactions absorbing heat (ex. Ice melting)
What is the meaning of exothermic?
reactions releasing heat
What is a qualitative observation?
doesn’t include numbers, something like smell and tate
What is a quantitative observation?
numbers
The prefix mega- in number form and interval notation is….
1,000,000 or 10^6
The prefix kilo- in number form and interval notation is….
1,000 or 10^3
The prefix hecto- in number form and interval notation is….
100 or 10^2
The prefix deka- in number form and interval notation is….
10 or 10^1
The prefix deci- in number form and interval notation is….
0.1 or 10^-1
The prefix centi- in number form and interval notation is…
0.01 or 10^-2
The prefix milli- in number form and interval notation is….
0.001 or 10^-3
The prefix micro- in number form and interval notation is….
0.000001 or 10^-6
The prefix nano- in number form and interval notation is….
0.000000001 or 10^-9
What are the three systems for temperature?
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin
____ C = _____ K
1 C = 1 K, same amount of changes in each scale
What is the equation to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius?
(Tf-32)(5C/9F)
What is the equation to convert from Celcius to Fahrenheit?
Tc(9F/5C)+32
What is the equation to convert from Celcius to Kelvin?
Tc + 273.15
What is the equation to convert from Kelvin to Celcius?
Tk - 273.15
What is precision?
agreement of serval measurements, how close are the numbers to each other (ex. Darts shot at one location that isn’t bullseye)
What is accuracy?
how close the measurement is true to the actual measurement/value
What is random error?
random error is caused by any factors which vary from one measurement to another (ex. Measuring height with different postures)
What is systematic error?
repeated error in the same direction each time (ex. An instrument that isn’t calibrated correctly)
For significant figures, nonzero integers _____ count
ALWAYS
How many significant figures are there in the number 234?
3
Leading zeros in significant figures are _______
insignificant
How many significant figures are there in the number 00.23
2
Trailing zeros only count if there are ______
decimals
How many significant figures are there in the number 2.300?
4
Exact numbers (no certainty) have an _____ amount of significant figures.
infinite
If there are 32 buttons on a calculator, how many sig. Figs. Are there?
an infinite amount
For multiplying/dividing significant figures, the number of sig figs in the result must be the same as the _______
least precise measurement aka the number with the least amount of sig figs being multiplied
For adding/subtracting, the number of ______ in the result must be the same as the ______
For adding/subtracting, the number of decimal places in the result must be the same as the least precise measurements
What does the unit factor method allow us to do?
the unit factor method allows us to convert one unit to another (1ft = 12in)
