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General Chem I > R.1-R.9 > Flashcards

R.1-R.9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

What are the properties of solids?

A

solids have a fixed volume and shape

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4
Q

What are the properties of liquids?

A

liquids have a fixed volume but not shape

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5
Q

What are the properties of gases?

A

gases don’t have a fixed volume nor a fixed shape

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6
Q

What is a property of elements?

A

can’t be broken down into simpler substances

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7
Q

What is a property of compounds?

A

can be broken down into elements via chemical reactions

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8
Q

What are mixtures?

A

mixtures have a variable composition (consists of different substances)

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9
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A

a homogeneous mixture has visually indistinguishable components (ex. Gatorade, air, wine, steel)

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10
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

a heterogeneous mixture has visually distinguishable components (ex. A bowl of soup)

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11
Q

What are physical changes?

A

physical changes change the form of the substance and NOT the chemical composition

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12
Q

What are chemical changes?

A

chemical changes change one substance into a new substance with different properties and composition

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13
Q

Is saltwater a mixture, compound, or element?

A

Mixture (has more than just one compound present)

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14
Q

Is helium gas a mixture, compound, or element?

A

element

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15
Q

Is table sugar a mixture, compound, or element?

A

compound (uniformly one compound)

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16
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

density (g/ml) = mass (g) / volume (mL)

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17
Q

Density is an _____ property and doesn’t ______

A

density is an inartistic property and doesn’t change the amount of matter present

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18
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy can be converted from one form to another form but can’t be created nor destroyed

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19
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to do work or produce heat

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20
Q

What is heat?

A

energy that flows between one object to another because of temperature differences

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21
Q

What is work?

A

force acting of a distance

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22
Q

What is potential energy?

A

energy due to position or composition

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23
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy due to the motion of an object

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24
Q

What charges attract?

A

positive and negative

25
Q

The greater the distance there is between charges, the more _____ energy there is

A

potential

26
Q

What is the meaning of endothermic?

A

reactions absorbing heat (ex. Ice melting)

27
Q

What is the meaning of exothermic?

A

reactions releasing heat

28
Q

What is a qualitative observation?

A

doesn’t include numbers, something like smell and tate

29
Q

What is a quantitative observation?

A

numbers

30
Q

The prefix mega- in number form and interval notation is….

A

1,000,000 or 10^6

31
Q

The prefix kilo- in number form and interval notation is….

A

1,000 or 10^3

32
Q

The prefix hecto- in number form and interval notation is….

A

100 or 10^2

33
Q

The prefix deka- in number form and interval notation is….

A

10 or 10^1

34
Q

The prefix deci- in number form and interval notation is….

A

0.1 or 10^-1

35
Q

The prefix centi- in number form and interval notation is…

A

0.01 or 10^-2

36
Q

The prefix milli- in number form and interval notation is….

A

0.001 or 10^-3

37
Q

The prefix micro- in number form and interval notation is….

A

0.000001 or 10^-6

38
Q

The prefix nano- in number form and interval notation is….

A

0.000000001 or 10^-9

39
Q

What are the three systems for temperature?

A

Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin

40
Q

____ C = _____ K

A

1 C = 1 K, same amount of changes in each scale

41
Q

What is the equation to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius?

A

(Tf-32)(5C/9F)

42
Q

What is the equation to convert from Celcius to Fahrenheit?

A

Tc(9F/5C)+32

43
Q

What is the equation to convert from Celcius to Kelvin?

A

Tc + 273.15

44
Q

What is the equation to convert from Kelvin to Celcius?

A

Tk - 273.15

45
Q

What is precision?

A

agreement of serval measurements, how close are the numbers to each other (ex. Darts shot at one location that isn’t bullseye)

46
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how close the measurement is true to the actual measurement/value

47
Q

What is random error?

A

random error is caused by any factors which vary from one measurement to another (ex. Measuring height with different postures)

48
Q

What is systematic error?

A

repeated error in the same direction each time (ex. An instrument that isn’t calibrated correctly)

49
Q

For significant figures, nonzero integers _____ count

A

ALWAYS

50
Q

How many significant figures are there in the number 234?

A

3

51
Q

Leading zeros in significant figures are _______

A

insignificant

52
Q

How many significant figures are there in the number 00.23

A

2

53
Q

Trailing zeros only count if there are ______

A

decimals

54
Q

How many significant figures are there in the number 2.300?

A

4

55
Q

Exact numbers (no certainty) have an _____ amount of significant figures.

A

infinite

56
Q

If there are 32 buttons on a calculator, how many sig. Figs. Are there?

A

an infinite amount

57
Q

For multiplying/dividing significant figures, the number of sig figs in the result must be the same as the _______

A

least precise measurement aka the number with the least amount of sig figs being multiplied

58
Q

For adding/subtracting, the number of ______ in the result must be the same as the ______

A

For adding/subtracting, the number of decimal places in the result must be the same as the least precise measurements

59
Q

What does the unit factor method allow us to do?

A

the unit factor method allows us to convert one unit to another (1ft = 12in)

General Chem I (10 decks)

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