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General Chem I > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is molecular structure so important?

A

small changes in the 3D structure can completely change chemical properties

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2
Q

What does teratogenic mean?

A

it harms the fetus

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3
Q

What is the VSEPR model used for?

A

used to predict the structure of molecules

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4
Q

What is the difference in electron arrangement shape and molecular shape?

A

electron arrangment shape takes all regions of electron density into consideration whereas the molecular shape on takes into consideration how many bond pairs and lone pairs their are separately

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5
Q

Why do molecules conform to a structure?

A

to maximize the distance between electrons

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6
Q

How do you figure out the number of regions of electron density?

A

look at the central atom, see where there are bonds and lone pairs, add it all up

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7
Q

Does a double bond or triple bond count as 1 region of electron density or multiple regions of electron density?

A

the double and triple bonds count as 1 region of electron density

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8
Q

What is the electron arrangement structure for 2 regions of electron density?

A

linear

o - o - o

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9
Q

What is the electron arrangement for 3 regions of electron density?

A 
trigonal planar 
     o
     I
     o
   /   \
o       o
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10
Q

What is the electron arrangement for 4 regions of electron density?

A

tetrahedral

      o
       l
      o
    /  l  \
o    o   o
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11
Q

What is the electron arrangement for 5 regions of electron density?

A

trigonal bipyramidal (mix of 1 and 2 )

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12
Q

What is the electron arrangement for 6 regions of electron density?

A

octahedral (3 linears intersecting at central atom)

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13
Q

What does the electron arrangement describe?

A

describes the general structure of the molecule

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14
Q

What does the molecular structure describe?

A

location of bonds/atoms only since lone pairs require more space to move around

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15
Q

What are bonding electrons?

A

shared between 2 atoms and are attracted to the nuclei

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16
Q

What are non-bonding electrons?

A

affiliated with 1 atom and attracted to 1 nucleus

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17
Q

In AXnEm notation, what does the A stand for?

A

central atom (just written as A)

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18
Q

In AXnEm notation, what does the Xn stand for?

A 
number of bonds around central atom (written as X)
                                                   #
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19
Q

In AXnEm notation, what does the Em stand for?

A

number of lone pairs around central atom (written as E )

m

20
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX2?

A

linear and linear

21
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX3?

A

trigonal planar and trigonal planar

22
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX2E1?

A

trigonal planar and bent

23
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX4?

A

tetrahedral and tetrahedral

24
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX3E1?

A

tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal

25
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX2E2?

A

tetrahedral and bent

26
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX5?

A

trigonal bipyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal

27
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX4E1?

A

trigonal bipyramidal and seesaw

28
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX3E2?

A

trigonal bipyramidal and T-shape

29
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX2E3?

A

trigonal bipyramidal and linear

30
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX6?

A

octahedral

31
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX5E1?

A

octahedral and square pyramidal

32
Q

What is the electron arrangement and molecular structure for AX4E2?

A

octahedral and square planar

33
Q

What is the first step in determining molecular structure?

A

drawing the lewis dot diagram

34
Q

What is the second step in determining molecular structure?

A

count the number of regions of electron density around the central atom

35
Q

What is the third step in determining molecular structure?

A

arrange the attached atoms or groups of atoms around the central atom in a way that maximizes the distances of electrons

36
Q

What is the fourth step in determining molecular structure?

A

determine the name of the molecular structure

37
Q

How do you consider the “central” atom with a compound that has more than 1 central atom?

A

consider each center individually

38
Q

What is the electronegativity difference between polar covalent bonds?

A

0.4 to 1.7

39
Q

How do notate that one atom is more electronegative than the other?

A

less electronegative atom -l—-> more electronegative atom

40
Q

What are dipole moments?

A

unequal distribution of electrons indicating polar bonds

41
Q

When trying to figure out if a compound is overall polar or nonpolar, what do you do?

A

draw the lewis dot diagram and see the distribution of electrons

42
Q

Is a molecule polar or nonpolar if there is an equal distribution of electrons from atoms in the same group?

A

non-polar molecule

43
Q

Is a molecule polar or nonpolar if there is an unequal distribution of electrons from atoms of different groups?

A

polar molecule

44
Q

Is a molecule polar or nonpolar if there is an unequal distribution of electrons from atoms of different and same groups?

A

polar molecule

45
Q

What is the bond of an atom in terms of being polar and nonpolar?

A

bond of an atom being nonpolar or polar refers to the electronegativity (atoms from different groups)

46
Q

What is the overall molecular-ness of an atom being polar or nonpolar telling you to look at?

A

looking at the distribution of electrons (if it is equal or not)

General Chem I (10 decks)

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