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General Chem I > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

part of the universe where the study is focused

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2
Q

What is the immediate surrounding?

A

the surroundings that the system affects

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3
Q

What is energy?

A

capacity to do work or produce heat

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4
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy aka 1st law of thermodynamics?

A

states that energy can be converted from one form to another but never created nor destroyed

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5
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

system release energy

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6
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

system absorbs energy

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7
Q

What will the energy number be if the reaction is endothermic?

A

positive

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8
Q

What will the energy number be if the reaction is exothermic?

A

negative

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9
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

change in enthalpy (Delta H) of a system equals the flow of heat into or out of a system

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10
Q

What is the equation for change in enthalpy of a system?

A

delta H Reaction = delta HProducts –delta HReactants

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11
Q

What is a state function?

A

variable that only depends on the state

that the system is in, value does not depend on the path taken to reach that specific value.

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12
Q

How is enthalpy like a state function?

A

there will be 0 change in total heat going from reactant to product since the internal heat within a pathway can’t change (no matter how many paths you

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13
Q

What is the equation for the enthalpy of a system?

A

H = internal energy of a system + pressurexvolume

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14
Q

What does delta H also equal when PRESSURE IS CONSTANT?

A

delta H = q

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15
Q

What is calorimetry?

A

science of measuring heat

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16
Q

What is heat capacity?

A

amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree NOT INCLUDING MASS

17
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

is the amount of energy required to

raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 ºC

18
Q

What are the units of specific heat capacity?

A

Units of J/ºC•gor J/K•g

19
Q

What is molar heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise

the temperature of 1 mol of substance by 1 ºC

20
Q

What are the units of the molar heat capacity?

A

Units of J/ºC•mol or J/K•mol

21
Q

What is the equation for heat transfer?

A

q = smΔT

22
Q

What is Hess’s law?

A

If a process can be written as the sum of several processes, the change in enthalpy (DH) of the process equals the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual steps

23
Q

In Hess’s law, what happens to the sign of the enthalpy when you switch products and reactants?

A

you switch the signs

24
Q

The magnitude of ΔH is directly proportional to…

A

the amount of reactant and products in a reaction

25
Q

What is the standard enthalpy of formation?

A

the change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its elements

26
Q

What is the standard enthalpy of formation symbol?

A

ΔHfº

27
Q

What is the equation for the standard of enthalpy?

A

(all products) - (all reactants)

28
Q

In the standard of enthalpy of formation equations, what is the number of lone elements?

A

0

29
Q

`What is bond strength?

A

defined as the energy required to break the bond

30
Q

What influences the bond values for bond energies?

A

chemical “environments”

31
Q

What is the equation for the energy of reaction?

A

sum of bonds broken minus the sum of bonds formed

32
Q

What are examples of state functions?

A

potential energy, temperature, enthalpy

33
Q

q system = - q surroundings means what?

A

heat of system will be = to opposite signs of heat of its surroundings

34
Q

q metal = -qwater means what?

A

heat of metal will be equal to opposite signs of heat of water

General Chem I (10 decks)

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