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Papillon Study > R-22 EP's > Flashcards

R-22 EP's Flashcards

1
Q

Land immediately

A

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation if required.

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2
Q

Land as soon as practical

A

Landing is at pilots discretion based on the nature of the problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.

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3
Q

Power failure - General

A

A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicated by the low rpm horn. An engine failure may be indicated by a change in engine noise level, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreasing engine rpm. A drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor rpm while engine rpm is increasing.

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4
Q

Power failure above 500ft AGL

A
  1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor rpm.
  2. Establish steady glide at approximately 65kt
  3. Adjust collective to keep rpm between 97 to 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
  4. Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into the wind.
  5. A restart may be attempted at pilots discretion if sufficient time is available.
  6. If unable to restart, turn all unnecessary switches and fuel valve off.
  7. At about 40’ agl, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed.
  8. At about 8’ agl, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touchdown in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
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5
Q

Power failure between 8’ and 500’ agl

A
  1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor rpm
  2. Adjust collective to keep rpm between 97 to 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining 97%
  3. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed.
  4. At 8’ agl, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touchdown in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
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6
Q

Power failure below 8’ agl

A
  1. Apply right pedal as needed to prevent yawing.
  2. Allow aircraft to settle
  3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
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7
Q

Max glide distance configuration

A
  1. Airspeed approximately 75 kt’s
  2. Rotor rpm approximately 90%
  3. Best glide ratio is about 4:1 or 1 nautical mile per 1500’ agl

Increase rotor rpm to 97% while autorotating below 500’ agl

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8
Q

Air restart procedure

A
  1. Mixture full rich
  2. Primer (if installed) down and locked
  3. Throttle closed them cracked slightly
  4. Actuate starter with left hand

Do not attempt restart if malfunction is expected or until autorotation is established

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9
Q

Emergency water landing power off

A
  1. Follow same procedures for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors before contacting water.
  2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.
  3. Release seatbelts and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
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10
Q

Emergency water landing power on

A
  1. Descend to hover above water
  2. Unlatch doors
  3. Passengers exit aircraft
  4. Fly to a safe distance from passengers to avoid possible injury by rotors.
  5. Switch battery and alternator off.
  6. Roll throttle into over-travel spring.
  7. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
  8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors.
  9. Release seatbelt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
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11
Q

Loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight

A

Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be correct by left pedal.

  1. Immediately enter autorotation
  2. Maintain at least 70 kt’s if practical
  3. Select landing site, roll throttle into overtravel spring, preform autorotation landing.

When suitable landing site is not available, vertical stabilizers may permit limited controlled flight at low power settings and 70 KIAS: however prior to reducing airspeed enter full autorotation

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12
Q

Loss of tail rotor thrust in a hover

A

Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.

  1. Immediately roll throttle into overtravel spring allow aircraft to settle
  2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
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13
Q

Engine fire during start on ground

A
  1. Cranking - continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine.
  2. If engine starts, run at 50 to 60% for a short time
  3. Fuel mixture off
  4. Fuel valve off
  5. Battery switch off
  6. If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
  7. Exit helicopter
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14
Q

Engine fire in flight

A
  1. Enter autorotation
  2. Cabin heat off - if time permits
  3. Cabin vent - on
  4. If engine is running perform normal landing. Then fuel mixture and fuel valve off.
    If engine stops running fuel valve off complete autorotation landing
  5. Battery switch off
  6. If time permits apply rotor brake to stop rotors
  7. Exit helicopter
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15
Q

Electrical fire in flight

A
  1. Battery and alternator switches off
  2. Open cabin vents
  3. Land immediately
  4. Fuel mixture off fuel valve off
  5. If time permits, apply rotor brake to stop rotors
  6. Exit helicopter

Low rpm warning system and governor are inoperative with battery and alternator switches off

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16
Q

Tachometer failure

A

If rotor or engine tach fail in flight use remaining tach to monitor rpm. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both techs malfunction allow governor to control rpm land as soon as practical.

NOTE: each tach, governor, and low rpm warning horn are on different circuits. Either the battery or alternator can independently supply power to the tachs. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachs even if the master battery switch is off.

17
Q

Governor malfunction

A

If the engine rpm governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off, complete flight using manual throttle control.

18
Q

Oil light

A

Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil pressure gauge and, and if pressure loss is confirmed land immediately. Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure could occur

19
Q

Main rotor temp light

A

Indicates excessive temperature in the main rotor gear box. (See note below)

If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as, noise, vibration, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem land as soon as practical.

Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found on detector plug, clean and clean and reinstall (tail rotor gear box must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 minutes. If chip light com s on again replace gear box before further flight.

20
Q

Main rotor chip light

A

Indicates metallic particles in the main rotor gear box. (See note below)

If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as, noise, vibration, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem land as soon as practical.

Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found on detector plug, clean and clean and reinstall (tail rotor gear box must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 minutes. If chip light com s on again replace gear box before further flight.

21
Q

Tail rotor chip light

A

Indicates metal particles in the tail rotor gear box. (See note below)

If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as, noise, vibration, or temperature rise land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem land as soon as practical.

Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found on detector plug, clean and clean and reinstall (tail rotor gear box must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 minutes. If chip light com s on again replace gear box before further flight.

22
Q

Low fuel

A

Indicates approximately 1 gallon of fuel remaining for all aluminum tanks or 1.5 gallons for all bladder style tanks. The engine will run out of fuel in approximately 5 minutes at cruise power for aircraft with aluminum tanks and 10 minutes for bladder style tanks.

23
Q

Clutch light

A

Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the engaged position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out.

NOTE: clutch light may come on momentarily during run up or during flight to retention belts as they warm up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds, pull clutch circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of a drive system failure (be prepared to enter autorotation). Have drive system inspected for possible malfunction.

24
Q

Alternator light

A

Indicates low voltage or possible alternator failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment the turn alt switch off then back on after ones second to reset alternator control unit. If light stays on, land as soon as practical. Continued flight without functioning alternator can result in loss of tachometers, producing a hazardous flight situation

25
Q

Brake light

A

Indicates rotor break is engaged. Release immediately in flight or before starting engine.

26
Q

Starter on light

A

Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have motor serviced.

27
Q

Gov light

A

Indicates engine rpm throttle governor is off

28
Q

Carbon monoxide light

A

Indicates elevated levels of carbon monoxide in cabin. Shut off heater and open nose and door vents, if hovering land or transition into forward flight. If symptoms of co poisoning (headaches, drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light, land immediately.

29
Q

Full throttle light

A

Indicates engine near full throttle. The governor will be ineffective because it cannot increase throttle to maintain rpm. Lower collective as needed to extinguish light.

30
Q

Right roll in low g condition

A

Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive “g” forces and main rotor thrust. Do not apply lateral cyclic until positive “g” forces have been restored.

31
Q

Uncommanded pitch, roll, or yaw resulting from flight in turbulence.

A

Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor rpm, positive “g” forces, and to eliminate side slip. Minimize cyclic control inputs in turbulence; do not over control.

32
Q

Inadvertent encounter with sever, extreme or moderate turbulence

A

If the area of turbulence is isolated, depart the area; otherwise land the helicopter as soon as practical.

Papillon Study (5 decks)

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