Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical physiology > quotes from rosens notes.... lecture 7 > Flashcards

quotes from rosens notes.... lecture 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

which divisions of the lung conduct zone

A

bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the conduction zone for?

A

BULK movement of air
no respiratory function
helps defend the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which divisions of the lung are respiratory (aka transitional)

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the respiratory zone for?

A

gas exchange via the acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does branching of bronchioles affect surface area?

A

it durastically increases surface area and thus, the air VELOCITY SLOWS down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what provides circulation in the alveolus

A

pulmonary artery, capillary bed and pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

distance between blood and air in an alveolus

A

<0.5 microns. tiiiiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some lung/respiratory system functions

A

humidification
warming
filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if your lung dries out, what happens

A

“dessication of respiratory surface … could lead to infection”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the URT filters air. what are the four sizes of particles?

where are those particles trapped?

A

larger than 10 microns ==> hairy nose
5-10 microns ==> sinuses, pharynx
2-5 microns ==> bronchioles
alveoli (this is where smoke goes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is mucous not present

A

mucous only goes as far as terminal bronchioles. this makes suspension of very fine particles in the acini very troublesome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you get rid of particulates

A

cilia ==> they beat and propel the mucous suspension toward pharynx
alveolar macrophages ==> phagocytic destruction of debris, microbes
sneezing and coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sneezing and coughing is effective for?

A

the first 12 ish branch points of the R. system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what space allows for lung mvmt

A

the intrapleural space couples the lung surface to the chest wall and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the lung natrually wants to __ but we prevent it by __

A

collapse; the recoil force of the chest wall and diaphragm give it a slightly negative INTRAPLEURAL pressure, and zero INTRAPULMONARY pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does a lung collapse

A

by exposing the chest cavity to atmospheric pressure
or
introducing air into the intrapleural space (pneumothorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

majority of inspiration is due to? the rest is?

A

diaphragm (75%)

the rest is external intercostals, scalene, sternomastoid…. (thats not a muscle?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why can you breathe without much resistance

A

there is a large cross sectional area of the LRT, (therefore, low TOTAL resistance to flow).
this set-up allows you to move large amounts of air with very small pressure differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

expiration at rest

A

due solely to recoil of elastic elements in lungs

they recoil until their force equals the force of the chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inadequate expiration results in

A

limited USEFUL lung capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

airway resistance =

A

how easily does air go throuigh the tracheo-bronchial tree?
> asthma
> CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

thoracic resistance examples

A

fractured rib

obesity

23
Q

surface tension tries to minimize?

A

surface area of the lyng

24
Q

compliance =

A

change in volume / change in pressure

25
Q

in alveoli what does DECREASED compliance try to do to your lungs? Compliance is inversely proportional to?

A

it tries to keep them closed (tries to collapse them). Compliance inversely related to surface tension. (increased tension= decreased compliance)

26
Q

what does surfactant do to the lung?

A

induces an AREA DEPENDANT effect on tension, which changes how water molecules interact
as a chemist, my (more accurate) definition is… “it helps water attract to other surfaces, thereby reducing waters attraction to itself… lowering tension”

27
Q

relationship between radius and pressure

A

a small R needs more pressure to blow up an alveolus

28
Q

what does surfactant do to:

work, compliance, tension

A 
reduces work
increases compliance (aka decreases resistance)
decreases tension (compensates for small radius of alveoli)
29
Q

how do you get preemies to breathe

A

positive pressure vent.

> surfactant production begins @ 32 wks

30
Q

tidal volume=

A

NORMAL breath volume

aka TV

31
Q

expiratory reserve volume=

A

ERV; maximum volume of forced exhale AFTER NORMAL breathing

32
Q

inspiratory reserve volume =

A

IRV; maximum volume of forced inspiration AFTER NORMAL breathing

33
Q

vital capacity=

A

MAX volume you can INHALE and EXHALE

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

34
Q

residual volume =

A

RV; volume of air left in lungs AFTER MAXIMUM EXHALE

35
Q

functional residual capacity=

A
  • volume of air in lungs AFTER NORMAL EXHALE

- describes the balance of force between lung collapse and chest wall recoil

36
Q

downfall of vital capacity measurements

A

they are only static numbers, they don’t tell you anything about the flow of air in a lung

37
Q

how do you measure dynamic properties of a lyng? whats normal

A
  • forced expiratory volume (over 1 sec) and forced vital capacity; ** we did this in lab.
  • FEV / FVC should be about 0.8
  • useful for COPD and asthma
38
Q

what causes airway resistance

A
  • due to frictional loss of energy from walls of airways
39
Q

obstructive diseases

A

increased airway resistance and CO2 retention

40
Q

Asthma is an example of

A

bronchospastic or reversible obstructive condition because the increase in resistance is due to bronchocontriction

41
Q

exercise induced asthma

A
  • cough, wheezing, chest tightness
  • may be due to heat and water loss during rapid respiration
  • (or maybe just that it doesn’t bother you until you try do exercise)
42
Q

emphysema is an example of

A
  • irriverible obstructive condition
  • forced residual capacity increases and elastic work decreases
  • airway ressitance increases
  • tendency to retain co2
43
Q

what happens to FEV/FVC in obstructed airway

A
  • decreased ratio
  • result of increased airway resistance
  • in some cases you also have a loss of lung elasticity/recoil
44
Q

examples of restrictive diseases

A
  • atelectisis
  • consolidation
  • pleural effusion
  • respiratory distress syndrome
  • pneumothorax
  • ** i would add scoliosis and broken rib
45
Q

atelectesis =

A

collapse of part or entire lung

46
Q

cnosolidation =

A

filling of alvolar spaces with inflammatory exudates

47
Q

pleural effusion=

A
  • heart failure,
  • hypoproteinemia
  • infection
  • neoplasm
  • thoracocentesis
48
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

most common example of restrictive disease usually in premature babies, but also in :

  • near drowning
  • acid aspiration
49
Q

restrictive disease=

A
  • reduction of total lung capacity
  • although FEV/FVC increases, the absolute movement of be air decreases because the functional residual capacity decreases
50
Q

dead space =

A

volume of air in first 16 segments that does nothing for oxygen absorbtion…. only for air condutiobn

51
Q

to live, __ must be greater than ___

A

TV must be larger than dead space

52
Q

compare rapid shallow breaths to deep slow ones

A

volume wise, the two may move the same amount of air.

rapid breathing does not overcome the DEAD SPACE, so alveoli don’t oxygnate as well

53
Q

good analogy for dead space?

A

think about snorkeling with suuper long tube…. it wouldn’t work. you’d keep breathing the same air

medical physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions