Quizzes and Related Questions Sessions 1-6 (for MidTerm study) Flashcards
Sophists on rhetoric
Believed rhetoric is about PERSUASION. has a practical goal.. hear what we say and respond in our favor.
Which group thought that anyone could learn to communicate well?
Sophists
Plato on rhetoric
Believed rhetoric is about TRUTH.
Aristotle on rhetoric
Believed rhetoric is about science and observation and analysis.
Romans like Cicero and Quintilian on rhetoric
Believed rhetoric is crucial to a democracy. Learn by good models. Delivery counts.
Elizabethans on rhetoric
Believed style is what counts. Know those figures of speech.
Eighteenth century on rhetoric
Believed elocution changes lives
Early 20th century on rhetoric
Believed correctness counts, but will scare you to death if you let it.
Later 20th century on rhetoric
Believed study of communication is key to your brain. Writing is a process that can be taught and learned if we break it into steps.
Piedmont’s intention for students
understand, communicate, and impact
Today on rhetoric
new methods and audiences all the time
John Locke on rhetoric
had the most negative definition of rhetoric — “rhetoric is a powerful instrument of error and deceit” for political or psychological manipulation.
Definition of rhetoric
The study of the best methods to communicate effectively in speech or writing in order to convey meaning or encourage action.
Ways the study of communication might help us be more like God in our character or behavior.
God is a God of order and language, and He keeps exact records.
Ways research helps us prepare for the future
(1) We must prepare for academic success. …how to find material, and what form it should be in, and evaluate material, and helps you get As. (2) We must prepare for future ministries (get the message into packages that will outlive us) (3) We must maintain academic integrity. …say thank you, and let people know where to go for more info on the subject.
Writing is a recursive process
any stage of the writing process can be revisited time after time
invention is like looking for your keys
you look in all the right places until you find them. “We need to build a set of intellectual strategies or places to look that will help trigger ideas and/or arguments”
Topoi
place or place to look
T/F It’s a good idea to create a working hypothesis
True
Name the nine invention methods
- Lightning bolt 2. Reading 3. Listing 4. Questioning 5. Brainstorming 6. Mapping 7. Kenneth Burke’s Pentad 8. Freewriting 9. Peter Elbow’s metaphors for priming the pump
T/F A research question should have significance to the audience.
True. Prove a point that will matter to a specific audience.
Good news and bad news about “moments of normal panic”
bad news is there’s no sure way to avoid such moments, and most of us have them. Good news is they will pass if we continue to follow our plan and attack the project in small steps including achievable deadlines
Rules for a Thesis Statement
1) Be a statement, not a question. 2) complete thought with a subject and a verb. 3) a single sentence (putting the basic organization in the sentence is good). 4) Have something to prove (you want the audience to learn, grasp, change or do).
Ways written organization is like a GPS
- Tells you where you are going (thesis and conclusion) 2. gives you reminders along the way (topic sentences and transitions) 3. gives built in correction for those that get off track and need to “recalculate” (explanations, summaries, and connections) 4. comes in more than one kind.
Two types of written organization
- Organic organization (text grows naturally) 2. Mechanical organization (blueprint is first, then fill in the pieces, like putting together a bicycle)
Transition words
first, second, later, finally, more important, however,
The eight organizing patterns
- Process 2. Example 3. Comparison/Contrast 4. Classification/Division 5. Definition 6. Inductive argumentation (reasoning from the particular to the general) 7. Deductive argumentation (reasoning from the general to the specific 8. Cause/effect
Reason John Bunyan wrote an apology for his book
Many Christians disapproved of writing fiction at the time.
John Bunyan’s justification for his book
- God doesn’t prohibit using fiction. 2. Fiction is included in the Bible in parables. 3. Fiction is a good way to set off truth. 4. Fiction attracts a new audience. 5. Fiction often motivates people to act. 6. Fiction is highly memorable.
Name the components of argument
- Claim 2. Reason 3. Evidence 4. Warrant (connection between the reason and the claim) 5. Answer objections
What is an argument (according to Richard Marius)?
The assertion of a point of view
Equivocation
The logical fallacy of shifting the meaning of a word within an argument.
Ad hominem
A logical fallacy of directing an argument against a person rather than their position.
Straw man fallacy
fallacy where your argument is directed against a misrepresentation of your opponent’s position.
sound
an argument that is valid and has true premises
valid
an argument whose conclusion follows from its premises (even if the premises are false)
T/F A claim is synonymous with a thesis.
True
Warrant
demonstrates a statement is relevant
Why do writers cite sources (according to the Turabian book)?
- To give CREDIT. 2. To assure readers about the ACCURACY of your facts. 3. To show readers the RESEARCH TRADITION that informs your work. 4. To help readers FOLLOW or EXTEND your research.
Is it necessary to include the Bible in your Works Cited?
No. Give credit to the Bible using parenthetical references for the scripture reference or by placing the reference in a footnote. You can include it if your argument is heavily based on a specific translation.
