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BIOL 140 > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Following a specific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

A

Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate result

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2
Q

Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin’s observations?

A

Many of the traits in an individual are heritable

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3
Q

Use the following figure to answer the question
Describe groups labeled A and B.

A

A is the common ancestor of all life whereas B is the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya

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4
Q

Apple on tree ripens. Ripe apple produces ethylene. Ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen. Neighbor apples produce more ethylene. More apples ripen. The above process is an example of which of the following?

A

positive feedback regulation

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5
Q

A double-stranded DNA molecule with three guanine and five thiamine nucleotides (in 5’ 3’ strand) has how many nucleotides in total?

A

16

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6
Q

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

A

reductionism

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7
Q

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

A

Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues.

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8
Q

Which of the following is true of oxygen that has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons?

A

It has an atomic number of 8.

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9
Q

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Which of the following explains the greater mass number of nitrogen-15 compared to nitrogen-14? Nitrogen-15 contains __________.

A

8 neutrons and nitrogen-14 contains 7 neutrons

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10
Q

How many electrons are present in a H- and H+ ion respectively?

A

2,0

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11
Q

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

A

The atom has more electrons than protons.

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12
Q

Nitrogen (N) normally forms three covalent bonds with a valence of five. However, ammonium has four covalent bonds, each to a different hydrogen (H) atom (H has a valence of one). What do you predict to be the charge on ammonium?

A

+1

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13
Q

Elements found in the first two columns of the periodic table contain outer electron shells that are __________; these elements tend to form _________ in solution.

A

almost empty; cations

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14
Q

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
Considering that the reactants have no charge, what are the products of the reaction shown above?

A

a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

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15
Q

Which of the following properties of water is responsible for the formation of raindrops?

A

cohesion property

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16
Q

On a hot day, temperature of land rises more quickly than that of sea. Which of the following statements best describe the process?

A

specific heat of soil is less than water

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17
Q

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

A

A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond.

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18
Q

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO2 + H2O ⇔ H2CO3. What would be the effect of adding additional H2O?

A

It would drive the equilibrium dynamics to the right.

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19
Q

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

A

10°C

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20
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A

Water can form intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

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21
Q

Which of the following factors determines whether a carbon atom’s covalent bonds with other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

A

Double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms

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22
Q

Use the following figure to answer the following question.

The figure show the structure of glucose and fructose. Which of the following describes a difference between the two molecules?

A

Arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

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23
Q

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic in nature?

A

Sulfhydryl

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24
Q

Use the following figure to answer the question.

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as __________.

A

Structural isomers

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25
Q

Which of the following unique feature of carbon allows it to support life on Earth?

A

Carbon can form a variety of bonds in nature.

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26
Q

Miller’s classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use which one of the following gases in his experiment?

A

oxygen

27
Q

Which of the following explains why the valency of carbon is 4 even though it has 6 electrons?

A

has 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell

28
Q

Hydrolysis of ADP produces which of the following products?

A

AMP + Pi + energy

29
Q

Which chemical change will convert ADP to ATP?

A

by adding energy and a phosphate

30
Q

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

A

the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen

31
Q

Which of the following is not analogous to a biological polymer?

A

a truck

32
Q

Which of the following best compares dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

A

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.

33
Q

The molecular formula of a carbohydrate molecule is C24H42O21. The maximum number of glucose and water molecules that will be consumed by complete hydrolysis of the carbohydrate is ________.

Hint: Sugars are generally multiples of CH2O, glucose is C6H12O6 and hydrolyzing H2O gives you -OH and H+ that are attached to subunits.

A

4 molecules of glucose and 3 molecules of water

34
Q

How many amino acids and peptide bonds does a tetrapeptide have?

A

four amino acids and three peptide bonds

35
Q

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

A

RNA

36
Q

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following the template will be ________.

A

3′-UAACGU-5′

37
Q

The label on a container of margarine lists “hydrogenated vegetable oil” as the major ingredient. Which of the following options describes the property of hydrogenated vegetable oil?

A

It is solid at room temperature

38
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding phospholipids?

A

the head of a phospholipid is hydrophobic and the tails are hydrophilic

39
Q

Which of the following are possible base compositions for double-stranded DNA?

%A %G %C %T %U

A

5 45 45 5 0

40
Q

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

A

The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.

41
Q

Which of the following examples describes a type of potential rather than kinetic energy?

A

a sucrose molecule

42
Q

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

A

As a consequence of the processes required for growth, the decrease in entropy of the organism is associated with a corresponding increase in the entropy of the universe.

43
Q

Which of the following statements best describes a system at chemical equilibrium?

A

The system can do no work.

44
Q

The ΔG of ATP hydrolysis in a test tube under standard conditions is -7.3 kcal/mol. The ΔG for the reaction A + B = C under the same conditions is +4.0 kcal/mol. What is the overall free-energy change for the coupled reactions under these conditions?

A

-3.3 kcal/mol

45
Q

Which of the following statements best describes how addition of a catalyst will affect a chemical reaction?

A

The catalyzed reaction will have the same ∆G as the uncatalyzed reaction.

46
Q

When ATP is hydrolyzed to activate a target protein, what is often the fate of the inorganic phosphate that is released?

A

It may be used to form a phosphorylated intermediate.

47
Q

A decrease in entropy is associated with which of the following types of reaction?

A

dehydration

48
Q

Which of the following statements best summarizes an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for living organisms?

A

Each organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment.

49
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a membrane based on the fluid mosaic model?

A

The membrane is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins.

50
Q

A defect in which of the following molecules would dramatically reduce the rate of diffusion of water across cell membranes?

A

aquaporins

51
Q

The solutions in the two arms of a U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.

Which of the following is the most likely result when the system has reached equilibrium?

Hint: What is sucrose? What is glucose? Knowing this may help you answer this question. The numbers may seem equal on both sides, but you need to think about the osmotic effect of solutes on either side.

A

The water level will be higher in side A than in side B.

52
Q

What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion content of about 0.9%, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water?

A

The cell will swell because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC.

53
Q

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic of biological membranes?

A

Phospholipids move laterally within the plane of the membrane.

54
Q

An animal cell that lacks carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which of the following functions?

A

cell-cell recognition

55
Q

Which of the following statements best describes a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?

A

It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule.

56
Q

Which of the following molecules would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

A

O2

57
Q

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis?

A

movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid

58
Q

Several epidemic microbial diseases of earlier centuries incurred high death rates because they resulted in severe dehydration due to diarrhea. Today these diseases are usually not fatal because of the development of which of the following types of treatments?

A

hydrating drinks with high concentrations of salt and glucose

59
Q

Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope?

A

chloroplast

60
Q

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

61
Q

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes?

A

producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

62
Q

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will generally follow which of the pathways listed below?

A

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

63
Q

Gaucher disease is the most common genetic disorder affecting lipid storage in humans. The disease is caused by deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids, which leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow.

Which of the following statements provides the most plausible explanation for how organelles are impacted by Gaucher disease?

A

The lysosomes most likely lack sufficient amounts of the enzymes necessary for lipid breakdown.

64
Q

A particular cell contains the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. Based on this composition, it could be a cell from which of the following organisms?

A

nearly any eukaryotic organism

BIOL 140 (7 decks)

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