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BIOL 140 > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Cells. What is the significant of the cell in Biology? What is/are the major differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

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2
Q

What are the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest to the greatest? What is the relationship between an organism, a population, and a community?

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3
Q

What are the steps in scientific inquiry?

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4
Q

What is evolution and what were the observations and inferences of Charles Darwin?

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5
Q

Know the central dogma of Biology: DNA makes RNA makes Protein

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6
Q

What are the general things about DNA, RNA, proteins, chromosomes, and genomes?

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7
Q

What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? Look over the examples for each from the textbook as you may be asked to define one based on a hypothetical scenario!

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8
Q

What elements make up living things? What are the most abundant and what are those essential elements that make up about 4% of the elements of biological life?

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9
Q

What are protons, neutrons, and electrons? What how do the numbers of protons and neutrons relate? How do the numbers of protons and electrons relate?

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10
Q

What is mass number, atomic number, and atomic mass?

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11
Q

What are isotopes? What is the difference between Carbon-14 and Carbon-12 in terms of number of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

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12
Q

What are the different chemical bonds? What is the difference between a polar and nonpolar covalent bond? What are hydrogen bonds?

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13
Q

What is the difference between a cation and an anion? If a cation has a charge of +2, then what is the relationship of protons to electrons?

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14
Q

What bond is formed between hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom in water?

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15
Q

How are hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules?

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16
Q

What is the formula for pH? What are acids and bases? What is the difference between a solution with a pH of 4 and a solution with a pH of 5? Remember, it is a base 10 increase or decrease in H+ ions.

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17
Q

What are the properties of water?

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18
Q

What is specific heat of water?

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19
Q

What are calories? Kilocalories?

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20
Q

What is evaporative cooling and why is it important in Biology?

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21
Q

Why is carbon the core element of life? What is carbon’s valence and how many, and what kinds of bonds are formed by carbon?

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22
Q

How many electrons must carbon share to fill its valence shell?

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23
Q

What was the Stanley Miller experiment, and what did it show?

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24
Q

What are isomers? What are enantiomers?

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25
Q

What are the side groups amine and carboxyl? What is their significance in protein synthesis?

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26
Q

What are the biological macromolecules and their subunits?

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27
Q

What is dehydration and hydrolysis?

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28
Q

What are monomers and polymers?

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29
Q

How many water molecules would be needed for dehydration to polymerize a 10 monomer-long polysaccharide?

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30
Q

What is glycogen? What sort of specific bond is formed between glucose monomers in glycogen?

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31
Q

What is starch? Cellulose? Why can’t humans digest cellulose?

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32
Q

What are saturated and unsaturated fats?

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33
Q

What type of bond forms between amino acids on a growing polypeptide chain?

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34
Q

What type of bond forms between nucleotides and how is phosphate used in this?

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35
Q

What are phospholipids and their chemical properties, i.e., what is different about the glycerol/choline heads and the fatty acid tails?

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36
Q

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes each of them unique?

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37
Q

Which type of microscope is used for viewing cellular products like proteins?

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38
Q

What are the general functions of the organelles of a cell?

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39
Q

What are the different protein filaments of the cytoskeleton?

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40
Q

How are motor proteins like myosin and dynein used to move vesicles, organelles, etc.?

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41
Q

Which cytoskeletal filament is involved with movement of cilia and flagella?

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42
Q

How is dynein used to move flagella?

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43
Q

What is the role of nuclear lamina?

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44
Q

What are the roles of lysosomes?

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45
Q

What are ribosomes, their functions, and where are they found?

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BIOL 140 (7 decks)

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