Quiznar 5 Flashcards
What are the symptoms of antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome?
- fever
- skin rash
- lymphadenopathy
is life threatening and can occur 8 weeks after tx initiated
Which antiepileptics are most likely to cause antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome?
Lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin
What is rifampicin and what can it do?
- enzyme inducer therefore can increase clearance of phenytoin
Tell me about the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin
- clearance is increased by enzyme inducers such as rifampicin
- interacts with enzyme inhibitors, enzyme inducers
- interactions with protein bound drugs
Why is it important to know about phenytoin?
- too high then toxic
- too low patient at risk of seizures
What does fatigue and muscle weakness suggest a deficiency of?
Vitamin D
- antiepileptics can increase risk of vit d deficiency therefore inc osteoporosis and # risk
What are category 1 antiepileptics? What is significant about these?
- carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
- must be prescribed brand specific (unless emergency situation)
Give examples of enzyme inducing antiepileptics
- carbamazepine
- phenobarbital
- phenytoin
- oxcarbazepine
If an unexpected pregnancy occurs while a pt is taking sodium valproate, what should you do?
- continue to take SV and urgently arrange to see prescriber
- shouldn’t stop because a seizure would be more damaging to child than continuation of SV
Describe myoclonic seizure sx
- sudden brief episodes of jerky involuntary movements
- trunk flexion
- spasmodic limb movements
Describe tonic clonic seizures
- generalised stiffening then jerky movements
Describe clonic seizures
- less one minute
- abrupt generalised muscle stiffness
- rapid recovery
Describe absence seizure
Behavioural arrest
Describe atonic seizures
Sudden onset of loss of muscle tone
What are the 5 different types of seizure
- Atonic
- Clonic
- Tonic-clonic
- Absence
- Myoclonic
Which antiepileptics are considered safest in pregnancy
Leviteracitam and lamotrigine
