QUIZLET AIRPORT MARKINGS Flashcards
What is the purpose of MOAs?
Option a
To protect military aircraft operations from civil aircraft.
Option b
To separate military training activities from IFR traffic.
Option c
To separate military training activities from both IFR and VFR traffic.
To separate military training activities from IFR traffic.
B
Military operations areas (MOAs) consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from IFR traffic. Whenever an MOA is being used, nonparticipating IFR traffic may be cleared through the MOA if IFR separation can be provided by ATC. Otherwise, ATC will reroute or restrict nonparticipating IFR traffic. Pilots operating under VFR should exercise extreme caution while flying within an MOA when military activity is being conducted. Information regarding activities in an MOA may be obtained from any FSS within 100 mi. of the area.
The airport markings, signage, and lighting associated with Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) consist of
Option a
yellow hold-short markings, red and white signage, and in-pavement lights.
Option b
red and white signage, yellow hold-short markings, and at some airports, in-pavement lights.
Option c
red and black signage, in-pavement lights, and yellow hold-short markings.
Answer (B) is correct.
Situational awareness is vital to the success of LAHSO. Situational awareness includes a thorough understanding of the airport markings, signage, and lighting associated with LAHSO. These visual aids consist of yellow hold-short markings, red and white signage, and, at some airports, in-pavement lighting.
A LAHSO clearance, once accepted, must be adhered to, just as any other ATC clearance, unless an amended clearance is obtained or an emergency occurs. A LAHSO clearance does not preclude a rejected landing.
In conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO), the pilot should have readily available
Option a
the published Available Landing Distance (ALD), landing performance of the aircraft, and slope of all LAHSO combinations at the destination airport.
Option b
the published runway length and slope for all LAHSO combinations at the airport of intended landing.
Option c
the landing performance of the aircraft, published Available Landing Distance (ALD) for all LAHSO combinations at the airport of intended landing, plus the forecast winds.
Answer (A) is correct.
To conduct LAHSO, you should become familiar with all available information concerning LAHSO at the destination airport. You should have readily available the published ALD and runway slope information for all LAHSO runway combinations at each airport of intended landing. Additionally, knowledge about landing performance of your airplane permits you to readily determine that the ALD for the assigned runway is sufficient for safe LAHSO.
A Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) clearance that the pilot accepts Option a must be adhered to. Option b does not preclude a rejected landing. Option c precludes a rejected landing.
Answer (B) is correct.
Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) include landing and holding short
Option a
of an intersecting taxiway only.
Option b
of some designated point on the runway.
Option c
only of an intersecting runway or taxiway.
Answer (B) is correct.
LAHSO include landing and holding short of an intersecting runway, an intersecting taxiway, or some other designated point on a runway other than an intersecting runway or taxiway.
What information is contained in the Notices to Airmen Publication (NTAP)?
Option a
Current NOTAMs (D) and FDC NOTAMs
Option b
Military NOTAMs only
Option c
Current NOTAMs (D), FDC NOTAMs, and military NOTAMs.
Answer (A) is correct.
The NTAP contains NOTAMs (D) that are expected to remain in effect for an extended period and FDC NOTAMs that are current at the time of publication.
What type of information is disseminated by NOTAMs (D)?
Option a
Status of navigation aids, ILSs, radar service available, and other information essential to planning.
Option b
Information specific to military airports that are part of the NAS.
Option c
Temporary flight restrictions, changes in status in navigational aids, and updates on equipment such as VASI..
Answer (A) is correct.
NOTAMs (D) disseminate various local and distant information. Distant NOTAMs are disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS) and for all public-use airports, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the A/FD. They include the status of navigation aids, ILSs, radar service available, and other information essential to planning
NOTAMs (D) are used to disseminate what type of information?
Option a
Temporary flight restrictions, changes to sectional aeronautical charts, and changes to instrument approach procedures.
Option b
Taxi closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, and airport rotating beacon outages.
Option c
Time critical information of a permanent nature that is not yet available in normally published charts.
Answer (B) is correct.
NOTAMs (D) disseminate various local and distant information. At the local level, NOTAMs (D) disseminate information such as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, and airport rotating beacon outages.
How often are NOTAMs broadcast to pilots on a scheduled basis?
Option a
15 minutes before and 15 minutes after the hour.
Option b
Between weather broadcasts on the hour.
Option c
Hourly, appended to the weather broadcast.
Answer (C) is correct.
NOTAMs (D) are broadcast to pilots automatically, appended to the hourly weather broadcast. NOTAM (L) information is not attached to the hourly weather reports but is distributed locally and maintained at each FSS for facilities in its area only. FDC NOTAMs are transmitted only once and are kept on file at the FSS until published or canceled.
What are FDC NOTAMs?
Option a
Conditions of facilities en route that may cause delays.
Option b
Time critical aeronautical information of a temporary nature from distant centers.
Option c
Regulatory amendments to published IAPs and charts not yet available in normally published charts.
Answer (C) is correct.
FDC (Flight Data Center) NOTAMs are regulatory in nature and issued to establish restrictions to flight or amend charts or published instrument approach procedures. FDC NOTAMs are published as needed and indexed in the Notice to Airmen Publication.
What are the indications of Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)?
Option a
High - white, on glide path - red and white; low - red.
Option b
High - white, on glide path - green; low - red.
Option c
High - white and green, on glide path - green; low - red.
Answer (A) is correct.
PAPI can indicate five possible glide path indications. All white light indicates “high” or more than 3.5° glide path. One red and three white indicate a slightly high (3.2°) glide path. Two red and two white indicate on the glide path (3°). Three red and one white indicate a slightly low (2.8°) glide path. Four red lights indicate below (less than 2.5°) the glide path.
What does the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) consist of?
Option a
Row of four lights parallel to the runway; red, white, and green.
Option b
Row of four lights perpendicular to the runway; red and white.
Option c
One light projector with two colors; red and white.
Answer (B) is correct.
The PAPI uses lights similar to the two- and three-bar VASI but installed in a single row of either two or four light units perpendicular to the runway. The row of lights is normally installed on the left side of the runway. Each light unit appears as either red or white. When two are red and two are white, you are on the glide path.
What are the indications of the pulsating VASI?
Option a
High - pulsing white, on glide path - green, low - pulsing red.
Option b
High - pulsing white, on glide path - steady white, slightly below glide slope - steady red, low - pulsing red.
Option c
High - pulsing white, on course and on glide path - steady white, off course but on glide path - pulsing white and red, low - pulsing red.
Answer (B) is correct.
The pulsating VASI provides a two-color visual glide path indication in the final approach area. It provides only a glide path indication while lateral course guidance is provided by the runway or runway lights. Above glide path is pulsating white. On glide path is steady white. Slightly below glide path is steady red. Below glide path is pulsating red. Also, the answer should refer to “pulsating,” not “pulsing.”
What does the pulsating VASI consist of?
Option a
Three-light system, two pulsing and one steady.
Option b
Two-light projectors, one pulsing and one steady.
Option c
One-light projector, pulsing white when above glide slope or red when more than slightly below glide slope, steady white when on glide slope, steady red for slightly below glide path.
Answer (C) is correct.
Pulsating VASIs normally consist of a single light unit projecting a two-color visual glide path indication in the final approach area of the runway. The below glide path indication is normally pulsating red, and the above glide path is pulsating white. The on glide path indication is a steady white light. The slightly below glide path is a steady red. The answer should refer to “pulsating,” not “pulsing.”
What is the normal range of the tri-color VASI at night? Option a 5 miles. Option b 10 miles. Option c 15 miles.
Answer (A) is correct.
Tri-color VASI has a useful range of approximately 1/2 to 1 mi. during the day and up to 5 mi. at night, depending on the visibility conditions.
Which color on a tri-color VASI is a "low" indication? Option a Red. Option b Amber (not dark amber). Option c Green.
Answer (A) is correct.
The tri-color VASI projects a three-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway. A “low” indication is seen as the color red.
Which color on a tri-color VASI is an "on course" indication? Option a Red. Option b Amber. Option c Green.
Answer (C) is correct.
The tri-color VASI projects a three-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway. An “on course,” or on glide path, indication is seen as the color green.
Which color on a tri-color VASI is a "high" indication? Option a Red. Option b Amber. Option c Green.
Answer (B) is correct.
The tri-color VASI projects a three-color visual approach path into the final approach area of the runway. A “high” indication is seen as the color amber.
What does the tri-color VASI consist of?
Option a
Three light bars; red, green, and amber.
Option b
One light projector with three colors; red, green, and amber.
Option c
Three glide slopes, each a different color; red, green, and amber.
Answer (B) is correct.
Tri-color VASIs normally consist of a single light unit projecting a three-color visual approach path. The three colors are red, green, and amber. Below the glide path is red, above the glide path is amber, and on the glide path is green.
A pilot of a high-performance airplane should be aware that flying a steeper-than-normal VASI glide slope angle may result in Option a a hard landing. Option b increased landing rollout. Option c landing short of the runway threshold.
Answer (B) is correct.
Although VASI normally provides glide path angles of 3°, some locations may be as high as 4.5° to give proper clearance. Pilots of high-performance aircraft are cautioned that use of VASI angles in excess of 3.5° may cause an increase in runway length required for landing and rollout.
The higher glide slope of the three-bar VASI is intended for use by Option a high performance aircraft. Option b helicopters. Option c high cockpit aircraft.
Answer (C) is correct.
The three-bar VASI provides two visual glide paths. The higher glide path is intended for use only by high-cockpit aircraft to provide a sufficient threshold crossing height.
What is the advantage of a three-bar VASI?
Option a
Pilots have a choice of glide angles.
Option b
A normal glide angle is afforded both high and low cockpit aircraft.
Option c
The three-bar VASI is much more visible and can be used at a greater height.
Answer (B) is correct.
The three-bar VASI provides two visual glide paths. The lower glide path is provided by the near and middle bars and is normally set at 3°, while the upper glide path, provided by the middle and far bars, is normally 1/4° higher. This higher glide path is intended for use only by high cockpit aircraft to provide a sufficient threshold crossing height.
The illumination of the "THL" indicates Option a lack of ATC takeoff clearance. Option b another vehicle on the runway. Option c terminal holding procedures are in effect.
Answer (B) is correct. The THL (Takeoff Hold Lights) system is designed to warn aircrews and vehicle operators that the runway is unsafe for takeoff. Another vehicle on the runway could trigger the illumination of the THL.
REL is the acronym for Option a Runway exit lights. Option b Runway entrance lights. Option c Ramp entry lights.
Answer (B) is correct.
The Runway Status Light System (RWSL) is a fully automated system that provides runway status information to pilots and surface vehicle operators to clearly indicate when it is unsafe to enter, cross, take off from, or land on a runway. The RWSL system processes information from surveillance systems and activates runway entrance lights (REL), takeoff hold lights (THL), runway intersection lights (RIL), and the final approach runway occupancy signal (FAROS) in accordance with the position and velocity of the detected traffic.
