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Quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

Exchange of water between ICF and ECF is driven by what condition?

A

Osmolality difference between ICF and ECF

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2
Q

As a percentage of body weight, blood volume will be higher in which of the following individuals?

A

A male neonate

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a significant component of ECF?

K+
Na+
Cl-
Bicarbonate

A

K+

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4
Q

Using indicator dilution method, use of radioactive serum albumin will allow determination of the ____ volume.

A

Plasma

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5
Q

Which of the following starling forces is normally negligible?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Capillary oncotic pressure
Interstitial oncotic pressure

A

Interstitial oncotic pressure

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6
Q

Histamine induced edema is primarily due to which of the following?

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction

A

Increased interstitial oncotic pressure

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7
Q

Liver damage can result in edema primarily due to which of the following reason?

Reduction in interstitial oncotic pressure
Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Reduction in capillary oncotic pressure
Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Reduction in capillary oncotic pressure

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8
Q

Elevated serum activity of which of the following enzymes indicates myocardial damage?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Creatine kinase
Xanthine oxidase
Cytochrome oxidase

A

Creatine kinase

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9
Q

Elevated plasma concentration of which of the following indicates cholestasis?

Bilse salts
Creatine
Billrubin
Uric acid

A

Bile salts

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10
Q

Ingestion of coffee and cocoa can aggravate gouty arthritis because they contain caffeine and theobromine. The enzyme converts caffeine and theobromine into which of the following metabolites that cause inflammation?

A

Uric acid

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11
Q

A plasma sample has a Na of 100 mEq/L. The plasma osmolality for this patient will be?

100 mOsm/L
200 mOsm/L
300 mOsm/L
400 mOsm/L

A

200 mOsm/L

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12
Q

Which of the following substance is freely permeable across cell membranes?

Na+
K+
Cholesterol
H2O

A

H2O

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13
Q

Cellular dehydration will occur in response to which of the following conditions?

Hyperosmolar ECF
Hyperosmolar ISF
Hyperosmolar ICF
None of the above

A

Hyperosmolar ECF

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14
Q

What determines plasma osmolality?

A

Total plasma solute concentration

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15
Q

Normally prevents increases in ISF hydrostatic pressure.

A

Lymphatic drainage

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16
Q

Can decrease plasma oncotic activty.

A

Hypoalbuminemia

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17
Q

Causes plasma components to filter into the ISF.

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressures

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18
Q

Causes fluid resorption from ISF into plasma.

A

Plasma protein concentration

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19
Q

Hyperaldosteronism can cause which of the following?

Capillary dilation
Hypertension
Increased capillary permeability
None of the above

A

Hypertension

20
Q

Loss of isotonic fluid from the body will cause which of the following?

ICF contraction
ICF expansion
ECF contraction
ECF expansion

A

ECF contraction

21
Q

Excessive secretion of ADH will cause:

Hyponatremia
Hypo-osmolar ECF
Hypo-osmolar ICF
All of the above

A

All of the above

22
Q

Which of the following would occur in the plasma where oxygen supplies to muscle tissue during physical activity is not adequate?

Na+ decreases
K+ decreases
HCO3 decreases
PCO2 decreases

A

HCO3 decreases

23
Q

Ingestion of a large volume of water will result in which of the following conditions?

Iso-osmolar over hydration
Hypo-osmolar over hydration
Hyper-osmolar over hydration
None of the above

A

Hypo-osmolar over hydration

24
Q

The 60:40:20 rule represents the ratio of water content in which of the following body water compartments?

TBW:ECF:ICF
ECF:ICF:TBW
TBW:ICF:ECF
ICF:ECF:TBW

A

TBW:ICF:ECF

25
Q

Which of the following signs of acute inflammation are mediated by histamine action on capillary permeability at the site of injury?

Redness
Warmth
Edema
Pain

26
Q

Which of the folowing may occur in patient suffering form uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Hyper-osmotic ECF
Hypoglycemia
Cellular over hydration
All of the above

A

Hyper-osmotic ECF

27
Q

____ responsible for 50% of plasma osmolality.

28
Q

Major ECF buffer component.

A

Bicarbonate ions

29
Q

____ influx causes hyper-polarization of excitable membrane.

30
Q

____ helps maintain blood volume.

A

Plasma proteins

31
Q

____ catalyzes biochemical reactions.

A

Intracellular proteins

32
Q

Which of the following is not one of the starling forces?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Intracellular hydrostatic pressure
Capillary oncotic pressure

A

Intracellular hydrostatic pressure

33
Q

Differences in osmolalities of the ECF and ICF will result in ____.

Fluid exchange across capillary membrane
Fluid exchange across cell membrane
Water exchange across capillary membrane
Water exchange across cell membrane

A

Water exchange across cell membrane

34
Q

The primary source of histamine that is released during acute inflammation are ____.

Erythrocytes
Mast cells
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

A

Mast cells

35
Q

Exchange of nutrients and waste chemicals between plasma?

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules

A

Capillaries

36
Q

High NaCl intake can cause ____.

Increase in blood volume and blood pressure
Increase in secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
A and B are correct

A

A and B are correct

37
Q

The predominant cation in the ISF is ____.

38
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding ratio of ECF:ICF volumes?

1: 1
2: 1
1: 2
3: 1

39
Q

Hematocrit value will not change in which of the following conditions?

Iso-osmotic volume contraction
Hyper-osmotic volume concentration
Hypo-osmotic volume contraction
All of the above

A

Hyper-osmotic volume concentration

40
Q

The plasma sample of a person with elevated lactate concentration will also have which of the following?

Elevated Cl- concentration
Reduced Cl- concentration
Elevated bicarbonate ion concentration
Reduced bicarbonate ion concentration

A

Reduced bicarbonate ion concentration

41
Q

A change in ECF osmolarity will cause only the osmolarity, but not the volume of the ICF to change.

True/False

42
Q

A patient with a total plasma cholesterol content of 150 mg/dl is said to have hypercholesterolemia.

True/False

43
Q

Redness during acute inflammation is due to histamine-induced vasodilation.

True/False

44
Q

Most of the water loss during vigorous exercise occurs through urine production.

True/False

45
Q

Inadequate water intake will initially case hypo-osmotic volume contraction in the ECF.

True/False

Visc Phys (4 decks)

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