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PSYC 1101 > Quiz3 > Flashcards

Quiz3 Flashcards

1
Q

Intimacy & Generativity as adult goals

A
  • 35/39 yr old : 1/2 chance of pregnant than 19/26 yr old
  • menopause: age 50
  • sexual activity satisfying constant; age 75: little sexual desire
  • over 65: fewer short-term ailments (half likely than 20 yr olds)
  • age 85: car accident exceed 16 yr old
  • blood-brain barrier breaks down (start with hippocampus)
  • age 80: brain-weight reduction of 5 percent
  • slow development of frontal lobe (until age 25)
  • frontal lobe degrades as old
  • there is neuroplasticity in aging brain; compensates for what it loses
  • exercise maintain telomeres that protect chromosome ends and slow progression of mental deterioration
  • exercise stimulate neurogenesis: development of new cells, neural connection
  • can recognize but not recall
  • lots of variation in learning and remembering in age 70
  • often have

Intimacy : marrying and having children
Generativity: working and leaving an impact on the world

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2
Q

Changing roles and changing households in the US (and elsewhere)

A

Roles: women less likely to get married

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3
Q

Physical changes in mid-life

A
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4
Q

Cognitive changes in midlife (peak in 20s for fluid abilities, peak later for crystalized abilities, slower ‘processing speed’, lower memory recall scores)

A
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5
Q

Less brain asymmetry in older adults (may be compensatory, may be a result of a failure of inhibitory systems, higher neural noise/ signal radio)

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6
Q

Changing goals (socioemotional selectivity theory )

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7
Q

Emotional satisfaction (fewer peripheral acquaintances, stronger close friends, older adults may ‘withdraw’)

A
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8
Q

Little support for concept of midlife crisis - but midlife events may lead to reflection

A
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9
Q

Paradox of aging (if everything is falling apart, why are older adults happier?) - older adults may perceive more positive stimuli relative to negative stimuli

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10
Q

Successful aging - maintaining healthspan

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11
Q

Diet, exercise, and social interacion are all shown to help with maintaining coginitive and physical health

A
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12
Q

Death and dying - Kubler Ross stages of dying / cultural differences in facing death

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13
Q

Sensation vs Perception

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14
Q

Transduction

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15
Q

Thresholds (signal detection theory & Weber’s law, subliminal perception)

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16
Q

Sensory adaptation

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17
Q

Top down vs Bottom up processing (perceptual sets, context effects)

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18
Q

Basic properties of light & associated perception

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19
Q

Visual pathway

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20
Q

Anatomy of the eye

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21
Q

Receptor properties

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22
Q

Color vision

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23
Q

Early Vision: feature detectors (fusiform facial area)

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24
Q

Marr’s model of vision

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25
Q

Gestalt Principles of Organization (figure ground, principles: closure, good continuation, similarity, pragnanz)

A
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26
Q

Environmental regularities

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27
Q

Moon illusion (top-down processing)

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28
Q

Monocular and Binocular Cues (depth perception, size and shape constancy, texture gradients)

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29
Q

Ambiguous information and top down processing

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30
Q

Cues from Movement (optic flow, focus of expansion)

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31
Q

Basic Properties of sound

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32
Q

Anatomy of the ear

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33
Q

Transduction of the movement of air to the perception of hearing

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34
Q

Location cues

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35
Q

Hearing Loss (cochlear implants, bone conduction headphones)

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36
Q

Top down processing and ambiguous inputs (sound illusions)

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37
Q

There are receptors for pressure/heat and cold/pain

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38
Q

cognitive influences

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39
Q

Nociceptors and gate control (pain can be blocked with other sensations or cognitions)

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40
Q

Biophychosocial approach to pain

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41
Q

Taste, smell, kinesthesia, balance, sensory interactions (illusions, travel sickness), synethesia

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42
Q

Habituation

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43
Q

Sensitization

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44
Q

Associative learning

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45
Q

Observational learning

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46
Q

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov, US/US/CS/CR, Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous recovery, Generalization, Discrimination)

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47
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organsim

48
Q

Unconditioned response

A

Reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

49
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus that is initially neutral and produces a reliable response in an organism

50
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus

51
Q

Applications (drug cravings, food cravings, immune responses, therapy / phobias)

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52
Q

Behaviorism (Watson & little albert)

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53
Q

Thorndike’s law of effect

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54
Q

Skinner (rewards and punishments, skinner box / operant chamber, positive and negative rewards and punishment)

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55
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Increases behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers

56
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Increases behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli

57
Q

Positive punishment

A

Presents a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future

58
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removes a desired stimulus after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in reducing that behavior in the future

59
Q

Shaping

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60
Q

Primary and secondary reinforcers

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61
Q

Immediate and delayed reinforcers

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62
Q

Reinforcement scheudles

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63
Q

Drawbacks of punishment

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64
Q

Applications of operant conditioning (ex. school, computers, at work, sports, parenting)

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65
Q

Tolman’s maze (why conditioning alone cannot be the whole story)

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66
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

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67
Q

Biological constraints to conditioning

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68
Q

Ecologically relevant conditioning works better (bearnaise sauce effect, instinctive drift)

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69
Q

Evidence of cognitive processes (intrinsic and extrinsic motivations)

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70
Q

Observational learning (Bandura and the bobo doll, mirror neurons, pro and antisocial effects)

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PSYC 1101 (3 decks)

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