Quiz1.2 "Introduction to Computer" Flashcards
______ are everywhere
Computers
_______ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
computer
Information Processing Cycle (3)
Collects data (input)
Processing
Produces
information
(output)
can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
personal computer
Two popular architectures are the
PC and the Apple
Personal computer you can carry from place to place
Mobile Computer
Computing device small enough to hold in your hand
Mobile Device
Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs
Mobile Computer
xamples include smart phones and PDAs, e- book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
Mobile Device
_______ is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
game console
a ________ controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network
server
Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
server
is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
mainframe
is the fastest, most powerful computer
supercomputer
Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than ____________ in a single second
one quadrillion
instructions
is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
embedded computer
- Mobile and digital telephones
- Digital televisions
- Cameras
- Video recorders
- DVD players and recorders
- Answering machines
are called __________
Consumer
Electronics
- Thermostats
- Sprinkling systems
- Security monitoring
systems - Appliances (san nakita)
- Lights
are called __________
Home Automation
Devices
- Antilock brakes
- Engine control modules * Airbag controller
- Cruise control
are called __________
Automobiles
- Remote monitoring systems
- Power monitors
- Machine controllers
- Medical devices
are called __________
Process Controllers and
Robotics
- Keyboards
- Printers
- Faxes
- Copiers
are called __________
Computer
Devices and
Office Machines
beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia!
Abacus
based on Napier’s rules for logarithms
Evolution
Slide Rule (1630)
________ is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.
Jacquard Loom (1804)
- Joseph Marie Jacquard
________ was a proposed mechanical general- purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage.
Analytical Engine
a design for a simpler mechanical computer.
Babbage’s Difference Engine
What was the biggest advancements that led to modern computers?
ETMD
- Electricity
- Transistor
- Microchip
- Data storage
First Generation (1940-1956) of Electronic Computers used ___________
Vacuum Tubes
____________ are glass tubes with circuits inside.
Vacuum tubes
Vacuum tubes have ____________ of them, which protects the circuitry.
no air inside
____________ is an electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards and switches for inputting data and punch cards for outputting and storing data. Released in 1951 and 1952 when first developed by
JPECK
JM
- The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
- J. Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly.
Who Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first ________________
Grace Hopper
“Man of the Year Award”
The first computer “bug” Relay switches part of computers Grace Hopper found _____________ stuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction Called it “debugging” a computer
a moth
Second Generation (1956-1963) of computers used __________ instead of vacuum tubes.
transistors
This generation used
transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
Second Generation (1956-1963)
smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.
transistors
transistors are developed by
3 people -
J bading
Water burat tyn
will nagulat
where - kampana Lab
when - Simon bday 47
John Bardeen,
Walter Brattain
William Shockley
Bell Laboratories
December 23, 1947.
This generation introduced the use of IC (integrated circuits) in computers. Using IC’s in computers helped reduce the size of computers even more compared to second- generation computers, as well as make them faster.
The third generation (1964-
1971)
This generation took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, more commonly known as a CPU. Microprocessors, along with integrated circuits, helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop.
The fourth generation (1972-2010)
This generation is beginning to use AI (artificial intelligence), an exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world. Leaps have been made in AI technology and computers, but there is still much room for improvement.
The fifth generation (2010-present)
____________ involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
Green computing
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as ____________
hardware
Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Input Device
Hardware component that conveys information to one or
more people
Output Device
Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
System Unit
Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media
Storage Device
Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communications Device
_________ also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Software
___________ is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware
Installing
A programmer __________ or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
develops software
Computer transform data into ____________
information
__________ is the raw material.
Data
_________ is processes data.
Information
________ is the input to be processed
Data
_________ is the output.
information
Most computer require people, who are called ____________
users (or sometimes end users.)
_________ are the steps that you must follow to accomplish a specific computer-related task.
Procedures
_________ is any set of characters that is gathered and translated for some purpose.
data
Within a computer’s storage, data is a collection of numbers represented as _____ that are in turn composed of bits (binary digits) that can have the value one or zero.
bytes
Data is processed by the _______
CPU
_________ is a term used to describe text that is informative to the individual reading it or the computer processing it.
Information
- Raw, unprocessed
- Meaningless
is called ____
Data
- Processed data
- Meaningful and can be used in many significant ways
is called ____
Information
- Personal financial management
- Web access
- Communications
- Entertainment
what type of user
Home User
- Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet
- Transfer information
- Play video games
- Listen to music
- Watch movies
what type of user
Mobile User
- Look up information
- Send and receive e- mail messages
- Make telephone calls
what type of user
Small Office/Home Office User
- Communicate among employees
- Process high volumes of transactions
- Blog
what type of user
Enterprise User
- Work with multimedia
- Use industry- specific software
what type of user
Power User
A _____ computer targets a specific audience and offers high quality audio, video, and graphics with optimal performance for sophisticated single user and network or internet multiplayer games
Gaming desktop
In a large business, the employees in the ______ department keep the computers and the network running
IT
many large companies use the term, _____ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs
Enterprise
small business websites sometimes use an _______ to show the world a live view of some aspect of their business
Web cam
Standard ______ use a handheld controllers as an input device; a television screen as an output device; and hard disk cds dvds and or memory cards for storage
game console
You interact with a program through its ______________, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.
Group of answer choices
storage
operating system
icon
user interface
user interface
