Quiz1.2 "Introduction to Computer" Flashcards by primo ko

______ are everywhere

Computers

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_______ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

computer

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Information Processing Cycle (3)

Collects data (input)

Processing

Produces
information
(output)

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can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

personal computer

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Two popular architectures are the

PC and the Apple

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Personal computer you can carry from place to place

Mobile Computer

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Computing device small enough to hold in your hand

Mobile Device

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Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs

Mobile Computer

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xamples include smart phones and PDAs, e- book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras

Mobile Device

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_______ is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games

game console

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a ________ controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network

server

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Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

server

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is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

mainframe

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is the fastest, most powerful computer

supercomputer

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Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than ____________ in a single second

one quadrillion
instructions

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is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

embedded computer

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Mobile and digital telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and recorders
Answering machines

are called __________

Consumer
Electronics

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Thermostats
Sprinkling systems
Security monitoring
systems
Appliances (san nakita)
Lights

are called __________

Home Automation
Devices

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Antilock brakes
Engine control modules * Airbag controller
Cruise control

are called __________

Automobiles

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Remote monitoring systems
Power monitors
Machine controllers
Medical devices

are called __________

Process Controllers and
Robotics

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Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers

are called __________

Computer
Devices and
Office Machines

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beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia!

Abacus

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based on Napier’s rules for logarithms

Evolution

Slide Rule (1630)

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________ is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.

Jacquard Loom (1804)
- Joseph Marie Jacquard

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________ was a proposed mechanical general- purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage.

Analytical Engine

a design for a simpler mechanical computer.

Babbage's Difference Engine

What was the biggest advancements that led to modern computers? ETMD

* Electricity * Transistor * Microchip * Data storage

First Generation (1940-1956) of Electronic Computers used ___________

Vacuum Tubes

____________ are glass tubes with circuits inside.

Vacuum tubes

Vacuum tubes have ____________ of them, which protects the circuitry.

no air inside

____________ is an electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards and switches for inputting data and punch cards for outputting and storing data. Released in 1951 and 1952 when first developed by JPECK JM

- The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) - J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

Who Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first ________________

Grace Hopper “Man of the Year Award”

The first computer “bug” Relay switches part of computers Grace Hopper found _____________ stuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction Called it “debugging” a computer

a moth

Second Generation (1956-1963) of computers used __________ instead of vacuum tubes.

transistors

This generation used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Second Generation (1956-1963)

smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.

transistors

transistors are developed by 3 people - J bading Water burat tyn will nagulat where - kampana Lab when - Simon bday 47

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain William Shockley Bell Laboratories December 23, 1947.

This generation introduced the use of IC (integrated circuits) in computers. Using IC's in computers helped reduce the size of computers even more compared to second- generation computers, as well as make them faster.

The third generation (1964- 1971)

This generation took advantage of the invention of the microprocessor, more commonly known as a CPU. Microprocessors, along with integrated circuits, helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop.

The fourth generation (1972-2010)

This generation is beginning to use AI (artificial intelligence), an exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world. Leaps have been made in AI technology and computers, but there is still much room for improvement.

The fifth generation (2010-present)

____________ involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

Green computing

A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as ____________

hardware

Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Input Device

Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

Output Device

Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

System Unit

Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Storage Device

Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Communications Device

_________ also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

Software

___________ is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

Installing

A programmer __________ or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information

develops software

Computer transform data into ____________

information

__________ is the raw material.

Data

_________ is processes data.

Information

________ is the input to be processed

Data

_________ is the output.

information

Most computer require people, who are called ____________

users (or sometimes end users.)

_________ are the steps that you must follow to accomplish a specific computer-related task.

Procedures

_________ is any set of characters that is gathered and translated for some purpose.

data

Within a computer's storage, data is a collection of numbers represented as _____ that are in turn composed of bits (binary digits) that can have the value one or zero.

bytes

Data is processed by the _______

CPU

_________ is a term used to describe text that is informative to the individual reading it or the computer processing it.

Information

* Raw, unprocessed * Meaningless is called ____

Data

* Processed data * Meaningful and can be used in many significant ways is called ____

Information

* Personal financial management * Web access * Communications * Entertainment what type of user

Home User

* Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet * Transfer information * Play video games * Listen to music * Watch movies what type of user

Mobile User

* Look up information * Send and receive e- mail messages * Make telephone calls what type of user

Small Office/Home Office User

* Communicate among employees * Process high volumes of transactions * Blog what type of user

Enterprise User

* Work with multimedia * Use industry- specific software what type of user

Power User

A _____ computer targets a specific audience and offers high quality audio, video, and graphics with optimal performance for sophisticated single user and network or internet multiplayer games

Gaming desktop

In a large business, the employees in the ______ department keep the computers and the network running

many large companies use the term, _____ computing, to refer to the huge network of computers that meets their diverse computing needs

Enterprise

small business websites sometimes use an _______ to show the world a live view of some aspect of their business

Web cam

Standard ______ use a handheld controllers as an input device; a television screen as an output device; and hard disk cds dvds and or memory cards for storage

game console

You interact with a program through its ______________, which controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. Group of answer choices storage operating system icon user interface

user interface