Module 3: "HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL COMPUTER" Flashcards
________ is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data.
The system unit (NOT CPU ☺)
The case of the system unit, sometimes called the _______, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage.
chassis
The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:
(6)
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
is the main circuit board of the system unit
motherboard
A _________ contains integrated circuits
computer chip
The processor, also called the _________, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
central processing unit (CPU)
The processor contain two unit:
Contain a control unit
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
The ________ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
control unit
The _________ performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of ________, which comprise a machine cycle.
four basic operations
1. Fetch
2. Decode
3. Execute
4. Store
The pace of the system clock is called the ________, and is ________
clock speed
measured in gigahertz (GHz)
The _______ controls the timing of all computer operations
system clock
_________ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data
Memory
Memory stores three basic categories of items
The operating system and other system software
Application programs
Data being processed and the resulting information
Memory size is measured in (4)
kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB),
or terabytes (TB)
The system unit contains two types of memory:
Volatile memory
Nonvolatile memory
Loses its contents when
power is turned off
.
what memory
Volatile memory
.
Example includes RAM
Does not lose contents when power is removed
.
what memory
Nonvolatile memory
.
Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
.
Static RAM (SRAM)
.
Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged
Dynamic RAM
has three different states. It can be in: standby (the circuit is idle), reading (the data has been requested) and writing (updating the contents).
Static RAM
data in MRAM is not stored as electric charge or current flows, but by magnetic storage elements.
Magnetoresistive RAM
SDRAM
Singe Data rate RAM
DDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM
- memory transfer data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal
- 400 MT/s
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM
8.5 GT/s; “dual channel mode”; memory installed in pairs
DDR2 SDRAM
- Operates at lower voltages; consuming less power
- 12.8 GT/s; dual and triple channel modes
DDR3 SDRAM
______ usually reside
on a memory module and
are inserted into memory
slots.
RAM chips
RAM chips usually reside
on a _________ and
are inserted into memory
slots.
memory module
__________ speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory cache
______________ refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Read-only memory (ROM)
________ can be erased electronically and rewritten
Flash memory
__________ provides high speeds and consumes little power
CMOS technology
________ is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.
A hard disk drive (often shortened as “hard disk“, “hard drive”, or “HDD”)
Strictly speaking, “______” refers to a device distinct from its medium.
drive
_______ is an optical disc storage media format.
DVD, also known as “Digital Versatile Disc” or “Digital Video Disc,”
DVD
Digital Versatile Disc
Digital Video Disc
DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs) but store more than ______ as much data.
six times
_______ is an optical disc storage medium to supersede the standard DVD format.
Blu-ray Disc
Its main uses are for storing PlayStation 3 games, high- definition video and data storage with up to 50GB per disc.
Blu-ray Disc
______ consists of a NAND-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface.
USB flash drive
USB
(Universal Serial Bus)
______ are typically removable and rewritable
USB flash drives
A ________ is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device capable of storing digital contents.
memory card or flash memory card
These are mainly used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers, mobile phones, music players, digital cinematography cameras, video game consoles, and other electronics.
memory card or flash memory card
The ______ is used to type data into the computer.
keyboard
_________ move some object on the screen and can do some action.
Pointing devices
Other pointing devices such as _____ or game controllers.
Joysticks
The _______ allows you to scan documents, pictures or graphics and view them on the computer.
scanner
It converts image into dots that the computer can understand.
scanner
______ are used to take electronic pictures of an object.
Digital cameras
_______ are used to put sound into a computer. Today, commands can also be given to computer using your voice.
Microphones
_______ shows the processed information on screen. It displays soft copy of the information.. When the device is turned off the information goes away.
Monitors
________ produces a hard copy of the information.
Printers
_______ are used to output sound.
Speakers
These are the physical, tangible parts of the computer system.
Hardware
These are the ones that you use to enter data to the computer.
Input devices
These are the devices where you can see the result of your computer’s processes
Output devices
These are the components responsible for the processing of information within the computer system.
Processing devices
These are components which allow data to be stored within a computer system.
Storage devices
on _______, the electronic components and most storage devices are part of the system unit.
desktop personal computers,
On most notebook computers, including netbooks, the keyboard and pointing device often occupy the area on the top of the system unit, and the display attaches to the system unit by hinges.
Just read
The difference is the display attaches to the system unit with a _________, which enables a user to rotate the display and fold it down over the keyboard to look like a slate Tablet PC.
swivel-type hinge
The _______ interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. _______ typically holds data waiting to be processed and instructions waiting to be executed.
processor
.
Memory
_________ are circuit boards that provide connections and functions not built into the motherboard or expand on the capability of features integrated into the motherboard.
Adapter cards
The motherboard, sometimes called a _______, is the main circuit board of the system unit.
system board
most USB flash drives weigh less than _______
an ounce (30 g)
four basic operations
_______ is the process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory.
Fetching
four basic operations
______ refers to the process of translating the instruction into signals
the computer can execute.
Decoding
four basic operations
_______ is the process of carrying out the commands.
Execute
four basic operations
______ in this context, means writing the result to memory (not to a storage medium).
Storing
______is the leading manufacturer of Intel compatible processors, which have an
internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, and can be as powerful, but often are less expensive.
AMD
