quiz1 phonological deviation & acquisition Flashcards
What is the first step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
1 year
Canonical babbling and vocables
What is the second step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
1 1/2 years
Recognizable words; CV
What is the third step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
2 years
Final consonants, communication with words “syllableness”
What is the fourth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
3 years
/s/ clusters, anterior-posterior contrast, expansion of phonemic repertoire
What is the fifth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
4 years
Omissions rare, “most simplifications” suppressed, “adult-like” speech
What is the sixth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
5-6 years
Liquids /l/ @ 5 years
/r/ @ 6 years
phonemic inventory stabilized
What is the seventh step of Hudson phonological acquisition?
7 years
Sibilants and “th” perfected, “adult standard” speech
Fronting
[posterior–>anterior]
gum –> [dʌm] (i.e., “key” becomes “tey”).
velars /k,g,ŋ/ are replaced by more anterior consonants
/k/ replaced by /t/
/g/ replaced by /d/
/ŋ/ replaced by /n/
Backing
[anterior–>posterior] tea-> [ki]
front sounds is substituted for a sound produced further back-daddy –> “gaggy”
anterior consonants are replaced by velars /k,g,ŋ/
/t/ replaced by /k/
/d/ replaced by /g/
/n/ replaced by /ŋ/
Stopping
leaf->[dip]
process in which stops are substituted by by fricatives (continuant resonant)
(manner of artic. change) the replacement of fricatives or affricates with a stop sound, “deep” for “jeep”
substitution of a “t, d, p, b, k” or “g” for “s, z, sh, f, v” or “th” (i.e., “zipper” becomes “dipper”).
gliding
replacing a liquid /l/ /ɹ/ sound or any other consonants with a glide /w/ or /j/]
rock-> [wɑk]
“love” –>”wove” “run.–>wun”
process that affects liquids
vowelization
when a vowel is substituted by a vocalic liquid (affecting postvocalic liquids)
liquids /l/ or /ɹ/ are replaced by vowels
zipper-> [zɪpʊ]
hair –>”Hay-uh”
people –> “peopo”
vowel neutralization
syllabic liquid used instead of a vowel simple --> simpo able --> abuh paper --> papo table --> tabo yellow -> [jʌlʌ]
deaffrication
changing “ch” or “j” for another sound
chin –> “sin”
t͡ʃ –>ʃ
depalatalization
substituting an alveolar fricative s,z, for a palatal fricative sh and j (measure) cheek --> teek , matches -->matsiz, judge -->judz, jane -->dane shoe --> sue
major substitutions
stopping fronting backing gliding liquid vowelization vowel neutralization affrication/deaffrication palatalization/depalatalization glottal replacement
How many Assimilations processes?
(6) labial nasal velar alveolar palatal liquid
labial assimilation
[regressive & progressive]
(Place of Artic)changing of a non labial sound to a labial (b,p,m,w) due to another labial sound in a word.
pen –> peb
smoke –> /fmoʊk/
regressive:later phoneme affects an earlier phoneme
ex: spoon–>[fpum]
progressive : earlier phoneme affects later phoneme
nasal assimilation
(Manner of Artic)
non-nasal sound is produced as a nasal sound due to the presence of a nasal phoneme within the same word,
“candy –>”nanny”
thumb–>[nʌm]
velar assimilation
(Place of Artic) a velar is substituted for a non-velar consonant because of a nearby velar sound
“dog” –> “gog”
duck–>[gʌk]
alveolar assimilation
(Place of Artic)changing a non alveolar sound to an alveolar (t,d,n,l,s,z). soup --> suit door --> dod toss --> tot cat-->[tæt]
liquid assimilation
liquid + liquid / non-liquid + liquid
yellow–>[lɛlo]
palatal assimilation
juice–>[dʒuʃ]
syllable structure (context related) 7
Metathesis Migration Coalescence Reduplication Epenthesis Diminutive Cluster Creation
