quiz1 phonological deviation & acquisition

Question 1

What is the first step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 1

1 year

Canonical babbling and vocables

Question 2

What is the second step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 2

1 1/2 years

Recognizable words; CV

Question 3

What is the third step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 3

2 years

Final consonants, communication with words “syllableness”

Question 4

What is the fourth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 4

3 years

/s/ clusters, anterior-posterior contrast, expansion of phonemic repertoire

Question 5

What is the fifth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 5

4 years

Omissions rare, “most simplifications” suppressed, “adult-like” speech

Question 6

What is the sixth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 6

5-6 years
Liquids /l/ @ 5 years
/r/ @ 6 years
phonemic inventory stabilized

Question 7

What is the seventh step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

Answer 7

7 years

Sibilants and “th” perfected, “adult standard” speech

Question 8

Fronting

Answer 8

[posterior–>anterior]
gum –> [dʌm] (i.e., “key” becomes “tey”).
velars /k,g,ŋ/ are replaced by more anterior consonants
/k/ replaced by /t/
/g/ replaced by /d/
/ŋ/ replaced by /n/

Question 9

Backing

Answer 9

[anterior–>posterior] tea-> [ki]
front sounds is substituted for a sound produced further back-daddy –> “gaggy”
anterior consonants are replaced by velars /k,g,ŋ/
/t/ replaced by /k/
/d/ replaced by /g/
/n/ replaced by /ŋ/

Question 10

Stopping

Answer 10

leaf->[dip]
process in which stops are substituted by by fricatives (continuant resonant)
(manner of artic. change) the replacement of fricatives or affricates with a stop sound, “deep” for “jeep”
substitution of a “t, d, p, b, k” or “g” for “s, z, sh, f, v” or “th” (i.e., “zipper” becomes “dipper”).

Question 11

gliding

Answer 11

replacing a liquid /l/ /ɹ/ sound or any other consonants with a glide /w/ or /j/]
rock-> [wɑk]
“love” –>”wove” “run.–>wun”
process that affects liquids

Question 12

vowelization

Answer 12

when a vowel is substituted by a vocalic liquid (affecting postvocalic liquids)
liquids /l/ or /ɹ/ are replaced by vowels
zipper-> [zɪpʊ]
hair –>”Hay-uh”
people –> “peopo”

Question 13

vowel neutralization

Answer 13

syllabic liquid used instead of a vowel
simple --> simpo 
able --> abuh 
paper --> papo
table --> tabo
yellow -> [jʌlʌ]

Question 14

deaffrication

Answer 14

changing “ch” or “j” for another sound
chin –> “sin”
t͡ʃ –>ʃ

Question 15

depalatalization

Answer 15

substituting an alveolar fricative s,z, for a palatal fricative sh and j (measure)
cheek --> teek , 
matches -->matsiz, 
judge -->judz, 
jane -->dane 
shoe --> sue

Question 16

major substitutions

Answer 16

stopping
fronting
backing
gliding
liquid vowelization
vowel neutralization
affrication/deaffrication
palatalization/depalatalization
glottal replacement

Question 17

How many Assimilations processes?

Answer 17

(6)
labial
nasal
velar
alveolar
palatal
liquid

Question 18

labial assimilation

[regressive & progressive]

Answer 18

(Place of Artic)changing of a non labial sound to a labial (b,p,m,w) due to another labial sound in a word.
pen –> peb
smoke –> /fmoʊk/
regressive:later phoneme affects an earlier phoneme
ex: spoon–>[fpum]
progressive : earlier phoneme affects later phoneme

Question 19

nasal assimilation

Answer 19

(Manner of Artic)
non-nasal sound is produced as a nasal sound due to the presence of a nasal phoneme within the same word,
“candy –>”nanny”
thumb–>[nʌm]

Question 20

velar assimilation

Answer 20

(Place of Artic) a velar is substituted for a non-velar consonant because of a nearby velar sound
“dog” –> “gog”
duck–>[gʌk]

Question 21

alveolar assimilation

Answer 21

(Place of Artic)changing a non alveolar sound to an alveolar (t,d,n,l,s,z). 
soup --> suit 
door --> dod 
toss --> tot 
cat-->[tæt]

Question 22

liquid assimilation

Answer 22

liquid + liquid / non-liquid + liquid

yellow–>[lɛlo]

Question 23

palatal assimilation

Answer 23

juice–>[dʒuʃ]

Question 24

syllable structure (context related) 7

Answer 24

Metathesis 
Migration 
Coalescence 
Reduplication 
Epenthesis 
Diminutive 
Cluster Creation

Question 25

Metathesis

Answer 25

Metathesis occurs when two consonants within a syllable are placed in a different order. There is a reordering of the sequence of consonants (C) and vowels (V) within a syllable
mask–>[mæks]

Question 26

Migration

Answer 26

When a consonant is moved to a different position in a word

smoke–>[moʊks]

Question 27

Coalescence

Answer 27

replacement of 2 consonants by one new consonants that features the original 2

last–> “lath”
smoke–>[foʊk]
would you –> /wʊdʒu/
miss you –> / miʃu/

Question 28

reduplication

Answer 28

Repetition of a complete (or incomplete) syllable
water -->/wæwæ/ 
bottle -->/bæbæ/
basket-->[bæbæ]
incomplete ex: music box -->/mumubɑ/

Question 29

Epenthesis

Answer 29

A vowel is misplaced or inserted in a word, usually the schwa
ex: black –> “balæk”

Question 30

Diminutive

Answer 30

sheep–>[Sipi]

horse –> horsie

Question 31

What is an assimilation process?

Answer 31

one sound changes to become more like another sound

Can impact Place of Artic., Manner of Artic. and Voicing

Question 32

affrication

Answer 32

affricate is substituted for a fricative or a consonant cluster, or when a stop is added before a continuant sound
sheet –> cheat / ʃ –> t͡ʃ/

Question 33

palatalization

Answer 33

a nonpalatal consonant is replaced by a palatal consonant

see –>she

Question 34

Prevocalic voicing

Answer 34

when a voiceless prevocalic is replaced by a voiced consonant
cup–> [gʌp]
fish –> /vɪʃ/ or /bɪʃ/

Question 35

Prevocalic devoicing

Answer 35

when a prevocalic voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant
ex: gum–> [kʌm] or / tʌm/ (also fronting)

Question 36

Post vocalic devoicing

Answer 36

postvocalic voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant
ex: page–> [peɪtʃ]