quiz1 phonological deviation & acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

1 year

Canonical babbling and vocables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the second step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

1 1/2 years

Recognizable words; CV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the third step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

2 years

Final consonants, communication with words “syllableness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the fourth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

3 years

/s/ clusters, anterior-posterior contrast, expansion of phonemic repertoire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the fifth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

4 years

Omissions rare, “most simplifications” suppressed, “adult-like” speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sixth step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

5-6 years
Liquids /l/ @ 5 years
/r/ @ 6 years
phonemic inventory stabilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the seventh step of Hudson phonological acquisition?

A

7 years

Sibilants and “th” perfected, “adult standard” speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fronting

A

[posterior–>anterior]
gum –> [dʌm] (i.e., “key” becomes “tey”).
velars /k,g,ŋ/ are replaced by more anterior consonants
/k/ replaced by /t/
/g/ replaced by /d/
/ŋ/ replaced by /n/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Backing

A

[anterior–>posterior] tea-> [ki]
front sounds is substituted for a sound produced further back-daddy –> “gaggy”
anterior consonants are replaced by velars /k,g,ŋ/
/t/ replaced by /k/
/d/ replaced by /g/
/n/ replaced by /ŋ/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stopping

A

leaf->[dip]
process in which stops are substituted by by fricatives (continuant resonant)
(manner of artic. change) the replacement of fricatives or affricates with a stop sound, “deep” for “jeep”
substitution of a “t, d, p, b, k” or “g” for “s, z, sh, f, v” or “th” (i.e., “zipper” becomes “dipper”).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gliding

A

replacing a liquid /l/ /ɹ/ sound or any other consonants with a glide /w/ or /j/]
rock-> [wɑk]
“love” –>”wove” “run.–>wun”
process that affects liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vowelization

A

when a vowel is substituted by a vocalic liquid (affecting postvocalic liquids)
liquids /l/ or /ɹ/ are replaced by vowels
zipper-> [zɪpʊ]
hair –>”Hay-uh”
people –> “peopo”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vowel neutralization

A
syllabic liquid used instead of a vowel
simple --> simpo 
able --> abuh 
paper --> papo
table --> tabo
yellow -> [jʌlʌ]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deaffrication

A

changing “ch” or “j” for another sound
chin –> “sin”
t͡ʃ –>ʃ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

depalatalization

A
substituting an alveolar fricative s,z, for a palatal fricative sh and j (measure)
cheek --> teek , 
matches -->matsiz, 
judge -->judz, 
jane -->dane 
shoe --> sue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major substitutions

A
stopping
fronting
backing
gliding
liquid vowelization
vowel neutralization
affrication/deaffrication
palatalization/depalatalization
glottal replacement
17
Q

How many Assimilations processes?

A
(6)
labial
nasal
velar
alveolar
palatal
liquid
18
Q

labial assimilation

[regressive & progressive]

A

(Place of Artic)changing of a non labial sound to a labial (b,p,m,w) due to another labial sound in a word.
pen –> peb
smoke –> /fmoʊk/
regressive:later phoneme affects an earlier phoneme
ex: spoon–>[fpum]
progressive : earlier phoneme affects later phoneme

19
Q

nasal assimilation

A

(Manner of Artic)
non-nasal sound is produced as a nasal sound due to the presence of a nasal phoneme within the same word,
“candy –>”nanny”
thumb–>[nʌm]

20
Q

velar assimilation

A

(Place of Artic) a velar is substituted for a non-velar consonant because of a nearby velar sound
“dog” –> “gog”
duck–>[gʌk]

21
Q

alveolar assimilation

A
(Place of Artic)changing a non alveolar sound to an alveolar (t,d,n,l,s,z). 
soup --> suit 
door --> dod 
toss --> tot 
cat-->[tæt]
22
Q

liquid assimilation

A

liquid + liquid / non-liquid + liquid

yellow–>[lɛlo]

23
Q

palatal assimilation

A

juice–>[dʒuʃ]

24
Q

syllable structure (context related) 7

A
Metathesis 
Migration 
Coalescence 
Reduplication 
Epenthesis 
Diminutive 
Cluster Creation
25
Q

Metathesis

A

Metathesis occurs when two consonants within a syllable are placed in a different order. There is a reordering of the sequence of consonants (C) and vowels (V) within a syllable
mask–>[mæks]

26
Q

Migration

A

When a consonant is moved to a different position in a word

smoke–>[moʊks]

27
Q

Coalescence

A

replacement of 2 consonants by one new consonants that features the original 2

last–> “lath”
smoke–>[foʊk]
would you –> /wʊdʒu/
miss you –> / miʃu/

28
Q

reduplication

A
Repetition of a complete (or incomplete) syllable
water -->/wæwæ/ 
bottle -->/bæbæ/
basket-->[bæbæ]
incomplete ex: music box -->/mumubɑ/
29
Q

Epenthesis

A

A vowel is misplaced or inserted in a word, usually the schwa
ex: black –> “balæk”

30
Q

Diminutive

A

sheep–>[Sipi]

horse –> horsie

31
Q

What is an assimilation process?

A

one sound changes to become more like another sound

Can impact Place of Artic., Manner of Artic. and Voicing

32
Q

affrication

A

affricate is substituted for a fricative or a consonant cluster, or when a stop is added before a continuant sound
sheet –> cheat / ʃ –> t͡ʃ/

33
Q

palatalization

A

a nonpalatal consonant is replaced by a palatal consonant

see –>she

34
Q

Prevocalic voicing

A

when a voiceless prevocalic is replaced by a voiced consonant
cup–> [gʌp]
fish –> /vɪʃ/ or /bɪʃ/

35
Q

Prevocalic devoicing

A

when a prevocalic voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant
ex: gum–> [kʌm] or / tʌm/ (also fronting)

36
Q

Post vocalic devoicing

A

postvocalic voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant
ex: page–> [peɪtʃ]