quiz- week 13 Flashcards
Choose the TRUE statement about the physiology of defecation:
Question 1 Answer
a.
The external anal sphincter is involuntary - it is regulated by the sacral parasympathetic nervous system
b.
The external anal sphincter is involuntary - it is regulated by the sacral sympathetic nervous system
c.
The internal anal sphincter is involuntary - it is regulated by the sacral parasympathetic nervous system
d.
The internal anal sphincter is involuntary - it is regulated by the sacral sympathetic nervous system
c.
The internal anal sphincter is involuntary - it is regulated by the sacral parasympathetic nervous system
What are the tenia coli?
Question 2 Answer
a.
They are pockets of fat within the serosa
b.
They are the same entity as haustra - just a different name.
c.
They are bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine.
d.
They are bands of circular muscle in the large intestine.
c.
They are bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine.
Choose the TRUE statement regarding the pathogenesis or clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Question 3 Answer
a.
Hypersensitivity to relatively normal amounts of distention in the bowel is likely responsible for symptoms in some patients with IBS.
b.
IBS features clear histological evidence of inflammation in most biopsies of the duodenum.
c.
The clinical presentation of IBS includes abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, bloating, and minor GI bleeding.
d.
Alterations in acetylcholine metabolism may account for the dysmotility in IBS.
a.
Hypersensitivity to relatively normal amounts of distention in the bowel is likely responsible for symptoms in some patients with IBS.
Which of the following pathological or clinical characteristics is more characteristic of Crohn’s disease, NOT ulcerative colitis?
Question 4 Answer
a.
Inflammation is isolated to the mucosa and submucosa
b.
The ileum and other areas of the small intestine are frequently inflamed
c.
Bloody stool and diarrhea are the major complaints and malabsorption is rare
d.
Inflammation is continuous - there are not areas of healthy tissue interspersed with inflamed bowel in the same segment
b.
The ileum and other areas of the small intestine are frequently inflamed
crohns is also discontinous
Choose the TRUE statement about diabetic ketoacidosis:
Question 5 Answer
a.
Ketone production is favoured by high circulating levels of lipids and an increase in the glucagon:insulin ratio
b.
The alteration in pH causes the kidneys to secrete more fluid to compensate - this results in polyuria
c.
The production of ketones causes the pH to increase drastically
d.
During diabetic ketoacidosis, the liver attempts to reduce elevations in blood sugar by reducing the rate of gluconeogenesis
a.
Ketone production is favoured by high circulating levels of lipids and an increase in the glucagon:insulin ratio
Choose the TRUE statement regarding macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Question 6 Answer
a.
Macrophages release C-reactive protein (CRP) when they are incorporated into an atherosclerotic plaque
b.
Macrophages release factors that cause vasoconstriction of large arteries within sites of atherosclerosis
c.
Macrophages are activated via binding to oxidized LDL via the scavenger receptor
d.
Activated macrophages cause the formation of granulomas within sites of atherosclerosis
c.
Macrophages are activated via binding to oxidized LDL via the scavenger receptor
Which of the following mediators cause a sense of hunger when they are released into the bloodstream?
Question 7 Answer
a.
leptin
b.
ghrelin
c.
GLP-1
d.
CCK
b.
ghrelin
Choose the TRUE statement about apoprotein B-100:
Question 8 Answer
a.
ApoB-100 aids the activity of lipoprotein lipase
b.
ApoB-100 is found on chylomicrons
c.
ApoB-100 can bind to the LDL receptor
d.
ApoB-100 aids the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase
c.
ApoB-100 can bind to the LDL receptor
partof the endogenous pathway in which VLDL–> IDL –> LDL in the liver
