quiz- week 12 Flashcards
Which of the following proteins transports conjugated compounds out of hepatocytes and into the bile canaliculus?
Question 1 Answer
a.
Na/trauocholate co-tranporter polypeptide (NTCP)
b.
ATP-binding cassette protein (ABC)
c.
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs)
d.
Organic cation transporter (OCT)
b.
ATP-binding cassette protein (ABC)
What is the function of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver?
Question 2 Answer
a.
Phase I of liver biotransformation reactions
b.
Bile synthesis
c.
Bilirubin conjugation
d.
Phase II of liver biotransformation reactions
a.
Phase I of liver biotransformation reactions
Why doesn’t trypsin digest pancreatic acinar cells before it is secreted?
Question 3 Answer
a.
Trypsinogen is not activated until it interacts with the mucous layer of the small intestine
b.
If trypsin escapes zymogen granules it is quickly degraded by lysosomes
c.
Trypsin inhibitor prevents activation of trypsinogen before it reaches the duodenum
d.
The pH of zymogen granules is too high to allow trypsin to function effectively as an enzyme
c.
Trypsin inhibitor prevents activation of trypsinogen before it reaches the duodenum
Which of the following vessels supply the tail of the pancreas?
Question 4 Answer
a.
Superior mesenteric artery
b.
Gastroduodenual artery
c.
Pancreaticoduodenal artery
d.
Splenic artery
d.
Splenic artery
How is insulin secretion regulated?
Question 5 Answer
a.
The pancreatic beta cell becomes depolarized when blood sugar levels increase - this results in opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and insulin release
b.
The hypothalamus detects hypoglycemia, resulting in stimulation of the vagus nerve and excitation of the pancreatic beta cell.
c.
The hypothalamus detects hyperglycemia and it causes incretins to be secreted from the posterior pituitary - incretins cause insulin secretion.
d.
The hypothalamus detects hyperglycemia, resulting in stimulation of the vagus nerve and excitation of the pancreatic beta cell.
a.
The pancreatic beta cell becomes depolarized when blood sugar levels increase - this results in opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and insulin release
Which of the following signals will result in hypoglycemia if it is found in excess?
Question 6 Answer
a.
glucagon
b.
adrenaline
c.
insulin
d.
norepinephrine
c.
insulin
Which cell type deposits the collagen fibres found in a liver cell with cirrhosis?
Question 7 Answer
a.
Hepatocytes
b.
Cholangiocytes
c.
Kupffer cells
d.
Hepatic Stellate cells
d.
Hepatic Stellate cells
Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for cholelithiasis?
Question 8 Answer
a.
Obesity
b.
Male sex
c.
Estrogen exposure
d.
Middle to older age
b.
Male sex
How does a patient with acute pancreatitis usually present?
Question 9 Answer
a.
The abdominal pain of pancreatits is often referred to the back or shoulder.
b.
Patients have abdominal pain that fluctuates in intensity, with peaks in severity that last for minutes followed by longer periods of mild pain.
c.
Most patients will have an easily palpable, large, and tender mass in the epigastrium that represents a swollen pancreatic head.
d.
Patients often exhibit hyperglycemia due to impairment of insulin secretion.
a.
The abdominal pain of pancreatits is often referred to the back or shoulder.
Which of the following is a valid pathophysiologic reason that obstruction of the main pancreatic duct leads to acute pancreatitis?
Question 10 Answer
a.
Obstruction of the duct causes it to dilate and form pseudocysts - this causes the development of fat necrosis
b.
Obstruction of the duct causes prolonged mixing of biliary and pancreatic secretions - this causes the development of fat necrosis
c.
Obstruction of the duct leads to backflow of bicarbonate into the bloodstream, which activates complement and coagulation
d.
Obstruction of the duct leads to interstitial edema and eventually ischemia of the pancreas
d.
Obstruction of the duct leads to interstitial edema and eventually ischemia of the pancreas
Choose the TRUE statement regarding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in Type II diabetes.
Question 11 Answer
a.
Helper T-cells that have been sensitized to elevated insulin levels induce the formation of antibodies to the insulin receptor.
b.
Patients with insulin resistance typically exhibit greater release of incretins like GLP-1 - this causes burnout of islet cells.
c.
Insulin resistance results in greater triglyceride (TG) storage in adipocytes - TGs inhibit the insulin receptor.
d.
Insulin resistance results in greater non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) within adipocytes - elevated NEFA levels inhibit the insulin receptor.
d.
Insulin resistance results in greater non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) within adipocytes - elevated NEFA levels inhibit the insulin receptor.
Choose the TRUE statement about diabetes mellitus.
Question 12 Answer
a.
Type II diabetes is much more common than type I diabetes
b.
Both Type I and type II diabetes are associated with the development of insulin resistance
c.
Type I diabetes has a more prominent genetic component than type II diabetes
d.
Type II diabetes and type I diabetes both frequently result in the development of diabetic ketoacidosis
a.
Type II diabetes is much more common than type I diabetes
