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Lols > Quiz: Vitamins > Flashcards

Quiz: Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of vitamins which is soluble in water and excess excreted through urine and serves as cofactor in biochemical reactions

A

Water-soluble vitamins

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2
Q

Classification of vitamins which is associated with fat during digestion and absorption

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

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3
Q

This vitamin was discovered by M. Mori in 1922 as a “fat-soluble factor” present in butter and fish oil

A

Vitamin A

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4
Q

Biologically active form of vitamin A

A

Retinol

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5
Q

The plant form of or the precursor of vitamin A and the pigments present in plant cells (> 600 types) that provide the deep orange/yellow color of plant foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkins

A

Carotenoids

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6
Q

Carotenoids present in plants which do not have vitamin activity and are involved in providing color pigments

A

Xanthophylls

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7
Q

A light-sensitive compound that enables the eye to adapt to changes in light intensity. Upon exposure to light, this splits into retinal and opsin

A

Rhodopsin

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8
Q

A condition in humans and animals that is caused by vitamin A deficiency; it leads to dryness and irritation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye and results in cloudiness and infection

A

Xerophthalmia

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9
Q

This animal cannot convert B-carotene to vitamin A due to the lack of the B-carotene splitting dioxygenase enzyme and needs preformed vitamin A from animal sources

A

Cats

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10
Q

This results in skeletal abnormalities and thickening of the skin

A

Hypervitaminosis (Vitamin A toxicity)

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11
Q

Group of sterol compounds that regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, also called the sunshine vitamin

A

Vitamin D

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12
Q

Activated animal form of Vitamin D

A

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

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13
Q

Activated plant form of Vitamin D

A

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)

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14
Q

It is formed upon exposure to sunlight after harvest (or injury) and not in living plant cells

A

Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)

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15
Q

What are the 2 good sources of Vitamin D in grazing ruminant animals

A

Sun-cured forages and Hay

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16
Q

A term that is used to describe a group of chemically related compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols

A

Vitamin E

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17
Q

It causes damage to unsaturated lipids in cell membranes, resulting in the disruption of the structural membrane and cell integrity

A

Lipid peroxidation

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18
Q

It is caused by the degeneration of skeletal and heart muscle fiber, which leads to rapid death due to heart failure

A

White muscle disease

19
Q

It includes a group of compounds called the quinones

A

Vitamin K

20
Q

The most common version of vitamin K included in animal diets

A

Menadione (Vitamin K3)

21
Q

The organ that converts vitamin K1 and K3 to K2 before it is used

A

Liver

22
Q

The metabolically active form of vitamin K

A

Menaquinones (Vitamin K2)

23
Q

This is caused by the degeneration of skeletal and heart muscle fiber, which leads to rapid death due to heart failure

A

White muscle disease

24
Q

A competitive inhibitor of vitamin K

A

Dicoumarol

25
Q

The active ingredient of rodenticide poisoning in pets that acts as an anticoagulant, causing bleeding and hemorrhaging

A

Warfarin

26
Q

Treatment of rodenticide poisoning in pets

A

Vitamin K

27
Q

Also referred to as vitamin B1, as it is the first vitamin identified

A

Thiamine

28
Q

Another typical symptom of thiamin deficiency in chicks

A

Polyneuritis

29
Q

Is named for its yellow color and sugar and is relatively heat stable but easily destroyed by light

A

Riboflavin

30
Q

The accepted generic description for pyridine 3-carboxylic acid and its derivatives showing the nutritional activity of nicotinic acid

A

Niacin

31
Q

Contained in corn, which binds niacin tightly and makes it unavailable for absorption. Niacin from animal sources is highly available

A

Niacinogen

32
Q

A typical deficiency symptom of niacin in humans associated with poor diet (high grain, no meat) and poverty

A

Pellagra

33
Q

Niacin deficiency causes this condition in dogs, and in chickens, it causes poor feathering around the eyes, also called spectacled eyes

A

Black tongue disease

34
Q

Required for the synthesis of hemoglobin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin

A

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

35
Q

Deficiency in this vitamin causes symptoms including convulsions and reduced immune response. The requirement is a 1–3 mg/kg diet and is linked to the protein level in the diet

A

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

36
Q

Occurs in all tissues of the body. The vitamin name is derived from the Greek term “pan,” meaning “all,” or “everywhere”

A

Pantothenic acid

37
Q

A deficiency of Pantothenic Acid in pigs with abnormal gait due to nerve degeneration

A

Goose-stepping

38
Q

The original name given to this compound was vitamin H because it protected “haut,” the German word for “skin.” It was isolated from egg yolk in 1936, a growth factor for yeast

A

Biotin

39
Q

Required for hydroxylation reactions of the amino acids proline and lysine in the formation of collagen, elastin synthesis, and neurotransmitter (norepinephrine, epinephrine) synthesis

A

Vitamin C

40
Q

What are the 4 Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

41
Q

The 7 B Vitamins as Coenzymes in Metabolic Functions

A
  • Thiamine
  • Riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • Pyridoxine
  • Pantothenic acid
  • Biotin
  • Riboflavin
42
Q

What are the 4 B Vitamins in Cell Maintenance and Blood Cell Formation

A
  • Folacin
  • Cobalamin
  • Choline
  • Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
43
Q

What are the 4 different forms of vitamins

A
  • Thiamine
  • Riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • Biotin
44
Q

Give 3 functions of Vitamin D

A
  • A steroid hormone
  • Synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight
  • Regulates blood Ca level

Lols (5 decks)

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