Quiz Studying Tidbits!

Question 1

What “body”has a rigid outer membrane?

Answer 1

Elementary bodies
With chlamydia trachomatis, the elementary body of bacteria enters mucosal epithelial cells of uterus and eye. Then it converts to metabolically active reticulate body which divides by binary fission. Then it converts back to elementary bodies and is released to infect neighboring cells.

Question 2

What are the two different chlamydia conjunctivitis infections?

Answer 2

1. Inclusion conjunctivitis (serotypes D-K)
2. Trachoma (serotypes A-C) - leading cause of blindness worldwide due to multiple infections since no long lasting immunity

Question 3

How should you treat chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

Azithromycin

Question 4

What is the function of your medial lateral fasciculus?

Answer 4

It integrates your movements (vestibular sense) with what you’re seeing

Question 5

What innervates the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 5

C1 (via hypoglossal nerve)

Question 6

What nerves are involved in the papillary light reflex?

Answer 6

Afferent - optic nerve CN II

Efferent - oculomotor nerve CN III

Question 7

What does damage to CN III look like?

Answer 7

• Dilated pupil on one side, not responsive to papillary light reflex and eye looking downward and laterally
• May cause ptosis/drooping eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris denervated)

Question 8

Damage to what nerve causes inability to close the eye?

Answer 8

CN VII

Question 9

What type of virus is CMV?

Answer 9

Herpesvirus

Question 10

What is Meniere’s disease?

Answer 10

-Disease of inner ear where there is increased endolymph in the cochlea and semicircular canals.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

Answer 11

1. Fluctuating hearing loss
2. Episodic vertigo
3. Tinnitus
4. Aural fullness (pressure, discomfort, fullness sensation in ears)

Question 12

What are treatments for Meniere’s disease?

Answer 12

Lifestyle measures like restriction of salts, caffeine, tobacco + diuretics

Question 13

What is BPPV characterized by?

Answer 13

Violent vertigo

Hearing normal

Question 14

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 14

• Fixation of sclerotic lesion of the stapes footplate to the oval window of the cochlea. This greatly impairs movements of the stapes and transmission of sound into he inner ear
• Causes progressive hearing loss, not vertigo!!

Question 15

What nerves are involved in the corneal reflex?

Answer 15

1. Touch cornea –> CN V –> Spinal Nucleus V
2. –> Pattern generator (blink center - reticular formation)
3. Left & Right Facial Motor Nucleus –> CN VII –> Orbicularis Oculi

Question 16

How does the light reflex work?

Answer 16

1. Light hits retina –> CN II
2. CN II –> superior colliculus –> Pattern generator (reticular formation)
3. –> Left and Right Facial Motor Nucleus –> CN VII –> Orbicularis Oculi

Question 17

What makes special senses special?

Answer 17

The complexity of receptors cells.

Receptor does not equal primary afferent except for olfaction!

Question 18

What does the saccule contain?

Answer 18

Cochlear Duct (scala media)

Question 19

What does the utricle contain?

Answer 19

• 3 semicircular canals –> contain Cristae Ampullaris –> senses acceleration & deceleration
• Ampullae
• Canals contain endolymph

Question 20

What is one of the earliest stages of macular degeneration?

Answer 20

Atrophy of the RPE

Question 21

What is the amygdala involved in?

Answer 21

Drive, strong emotions, rage, fear

Question 22

What is the relay center of the olfactory cortex?

Answer 22

Pririform cortex

Question 23

What is the hippocampus involved in?

Answer 23

Feeding behavior, homeostatic behavior

Question 24

What system bypasses the thalamus?

Answer 24

Olfactory