Mouth, Tongue and Larynx

Question 1

What ganglion does the facial nerve supply?

Answer 1

Pterygopalatine & Submandibular Ganglion

Question 2

Where are these structures found:

• Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Styloglossus muscle
• Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Answer 2

Floor of the Tonsillar Fossa

Question 3

What muscle is responsible for protrusion of the tongue?

Answer 3

Genioglossus

Question 4

What structure forms the boundary between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?

Answer 4

Palatoglossal fold

Question 5

Which of the following muscles are responsible for the arches forming the tonsillar fossa?

Answer 5

Palatoglossus and Palatopharyngeus muscles

Question 6

What tract is the glossopharyngeal nerve off of?

Answer 6

Solitary tract

Question 7

What surrounds the solitary tract in slide and where does it send it’s axons?

Answer 7

Solitary nucleus = cell bodies

-It’s axons -> thalamus -> insular cortex -> frontal orbital cortex

Question 8

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

Answer 8

All tongue muscles except the palatoglossuss. Motor fibers!

Question 9

What innervates (sensory) the back 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve for general and special sense.

Question 10

What innervates some taste buds in the epiglottis area in young people

Answer 10

Internal Laryngeal nerve (CN X-Vagus)

Question 11

What innervates (sensory) the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 11

Lingual nerve (V3) - General sensory
Chorda tympani (CN VII) - Special sensory

Question 12

What ganglion do taste/tongue fibers go back to?

Answer 12

Geniculate ganglion –> solitary nucleus

Question 13

What nerve is responsible for referred pain to the middle ear from infections involving the tonsillar fossa?

Answer 13

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 14

What ganglia is responsible for sensory nerve fibers innervating the taste buds associated with the circumvallate papillae?

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal ganglia

Question 15

What ganglia is responsible for sensory nerve fibers innervating the taste buds associated with the fungiform papillae found in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 15

Geniculate ganglia

Question 16

Which of the following ganglia is responsible for nerve fibers innervating the piriform fossae?

Answer 16

Vagal ganglia

Question 17

When performing the neurological exam of the cranial nerves and the patients tongue protrudes to the left when the patient is asked to stick out their tongue, what cranial nerve is showing a deficit?

Answer 17

Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 18

What happens in people who chew tobacco?

Answer 18

The tobacco can cause irritation in the depression of the epiglottis. May lead to development of squamous cell carcinoma that might not be painful at first but then spreads all over the throat/larynx.

Question 19

What pierces the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 19

Internal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve & Superior Laryngeal Artery

Question 20

What does the Internal Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve supply?

Answer 20

Sensory information to the area of larynx above the vocal fold and area of piriform fossa.

Question 21

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 21

The space between the two vocal folds and the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity when the interval between the vocal folds is closely approximated as in phonation.

Question 22

What is the glottis?

Answer 22

Vocal folds + rima glottidis.

Question 23

What supplies sensory information to the vocal cords and regions below the cord?

Answer 23

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (branch of vagus)

Question 24

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid?

Answer 24

It is the only muscle that abducts the vocal folds/rima glottidis.

Question 25

What muscle is responsible for opening the rima glottides?

Answer 25

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 26

What muscles are responsible for elevating the larynx?

Answer 26

Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Stylohyoid, Thyrohyoid

Question 27

What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 27

Recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

Question 28

What innervates the larynx superior to the true vocal cord?

Answer 28

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.