QUIZ QUESTIONS (for final) Flashcards
According to the chapter, Africa suffers extreme political turmoil which can occasionally be seen reflected in tense BRICS relations. South Africa has the most active sets of interventions underway, but China´s placement of troops in Sudan reflected the overlap among commercial and military interests.
TRUE
According to the chapter, it is important to notice also that the BRICS in Africa are supporting democratic regimes unlike political leaders from US, UK and France.
FALSE
The December 2015 Paris Agreement confirmed Africa’s victimization by climate change, with probably 200 million additional African deaths this century due to extreme weather, droughts and increased temperatures. According to the chapter, the responsible for a deal with weak emissions cut commitments and no legal accountability for violations were the wealthy countries and not the BRICS.
FALSE
About Africa, the United Nations Economic Commission on Africa, UNEC, showed that in 2013, $319 billion were transferred illicitly from Africa, with the most theft in metals $84 billion, oil $79 billion, natural gas $34 billion, minerals $33 billion. In addition to this illicit outflow, there where licit flows in the form of dividend expatriation that created extreme balance of payments deficit in many countries.
TRUE
Africa has recently witnessed a dramatic increase in infrastructure project development. It is a given that BRICS would be interested in any infrastructure project since they would benefit most from the access to Africa´s raw materials.
TRUE
For the Brazilian economist Ruy Mauro Marini, the three key features of a “sub imperial society” were regional economic extraction, the export of capital associated with imperialist politics and internal corporate monopolization.
TRUE
The concept of “Sub-imperialism” is also used to describe the relation that the BRICS have with other African countries by using their economic and political power to influence them. According to the chapter, this concept does not apply to the relationship among South Africa and other African countries.
FALSE
With respect to the BRICS and Africa, according to the reading, the BRICS are a more malignant force within a general framework of neoliberal extractivism, amplifying the already unequal development so damaging to Africa.
TRUE
According to the chapter, the most important reasons for Africa’s position in the world economy are not the fault of the BRICS but of the West. The BRICS are amplifying pre-existing problems instead of offering alternatives.
TRUE
According to the chapter, the big issue of our times is whether China ends up inside of Western capitalism system or challenging it. The chapter also considers that under Xi Jinping, the tendency of talking left while walking right will not continue.
FALSE
In the analysis of Southeast Asia, the author indicates that one of the characteristics of the world market capitalism is “amplified unevenness”.
TRUE
In the analysis of Southeast Asia, the author indicates that one of the characteristics of the world market capitalism is “hyper-competition”.
TRUE
In “plan rational” countries, as Japan and South Korea, the state through pilot agencies staffed with meritocratic bureaucrats was seen as playing a central role in fostering, first, import substitution industrialization (ISI) and, later, export oriented industrialization (EOI).
TRUE
In capitalist Southeast Asia, the developmentalism was often less apparent than in Japan and South Korea.
TRUE
The use of “dirigiste policies” could be seen in countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia, all of which enjoyed reputations as fast growing “developing countries” up until the 1997–1998 crisis.
TRUE
In Indonesia’s postcolonial economic history, it was the private sector in the three decades from 1960 to the middle 1980s the one that embarked on an ambitious program to construct an autonomous industrial base.
FALSE
In the case of Malaysia, a period of laissez faire capitalism owing much to the continuity of dominant colonial class interests gave way to neoliberal policies in an effort to face increasing social asymmetries.
FALSE
According to the chapter, the last decade and a half, many countries in Southeast Asia, saw increasing per capita incomes, reductions in absolute poverty and the expansion of consumption, along with the broader extension of access to finance.
TRUE
According to the chapter, the last decade and a half, many countries in South East Asia faced also increasing inequality, further elite gain capture, massive damage to the environment and natural resources and rising governmental concerns over “middle income traps”.
TRUE
Southeast Asian countries do not feel threatened by China in its cheap labor force comparative advantages.
FALSE
Turkey. It was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The country followed a statism until 1950, with closed economy model and under one-party government. This was the highest growth period in Turkish history, especially in the industrial sector.
TRUE
Turkey. After 1950 the country moved to a transition to democracy. In the 1960s after a military coup, Turkey’s official development strategy became import substitution industrialization (ISI), with state intervention and protectionism.
TRUE
Turkey. After 1971 the ISI strategy was adjusted more in favor of the capitalist groups. In the 1980s the Turkish military intervened again and reinforced the statist model.
FALSE
Turkey. The purpose of the first phase of the neoliberal project was to change the direction of the Turkish economy from an inward-oriented ISI to a free-market based system. This phase involved the implementation of the “Washington Consensus” policies, with an agenda of neoliberal economic reforms and wide support of the IMF, World Bank, and OECD.
TRUE
