QUIZ questions

Question 1

The “Westernization movement” failed miserably when China lost the 1894-1895 war to Japan

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Social tensions and internal conflicts within the Communist Party leadership were calmed by the failure of the Great Leap Forward and the following famine.

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

As working class and urban middle class were growing, they began to demand a growing range of:

Answer 3

a) Economic rights
b) Social rights
c) Political rights
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE IS CORRECT

Question 4

What usually happens when a country reaches a non- agricultural employment of 70%?

Answer 4

Surge of working-class struggles and major political instabilities

Question 5

How did the West act to create a favorable situation within their own working classes?

Answer 5

Developing the welfare state

Question 6

About China and the capitalist world system we know that for about 2000 years before modern times, China was one of the world’s largest economies by population and total economic output. And, also, historical compiled shows that by 1820, China’s share of world economic output was around 10 percent.

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

About China and the capitalist world system we know that the Opium war and the Nanjing Treaty marked the beginning of China’s incorporation into the capitalist world system in such a way that by the early twentieth century, China was just a “semi-colonial” peripheral member of the world system

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

The Chinese Revolution succeeded in creating a new state structure by destroying the “three big mountains” of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism. The new People’s Republic was able to mobilize economic surplus for rapid industrialization. This was made possible despite the reduced mobilization of the lower social classes especially the peasants.

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

The “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” was met with fierce resistance from the Party and finally brought to an end by the intervention of the army. By the early 1970’s the Chinese revolution was in retreat. Mao decided that the best way forward was to pursue rapprochement with the western capitalist countries. As China re-accelerated industrialization using imported western technology, China began to be re-integrated into the capitalist international division of labor.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

As the United States emerged from the Second World War as the undisputed hegemonic power, it led the post -1945 global capitalist restructuring. For about a quarter of a century after the Second World War, global capitalism enjoyed unprecedented boom. However, the long economic boom depleted the remaining rural surplus labor force in the core and the semi-periphery leading to a global accumulation crisis. In this context, China’s capitalist transition, by providing the capitalist world system with a large cheap labor force had played a pivotal role in the global capital relocation in the late twentieth century.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

About China and the capitalist world system we know that for about 2,000 years before modern times, China was one of the world’s largest economies by population and total economic output. And, also, historical data compiled shows that by 1820, China’s share of world economic output was around:

Answer 11

33%

Question 12

According to the author, what is false about free market free trade view of development and the developmentalist approach:

Answer 12

The contest between the FMFT approach advocated by the dominant economies of the world and the developmentalist approach of its contender economies started with the rise of the BRICs.

Question 13

According to the author, what is true about FMFT view of development and the developmentalist approach:

Answer 13

a) Hegemonic world structures are not constant and unchanging, because some nations seek to challenge it through combined or contender development, hothousing industrial development by protecting and planning their economies.
b) Challenges to hegemonic world structures can take capitalist forms, as in the industrialization of the US, Germany and Japan in the late nineteenth century, or non-capitalist forms, as in that of the USSR and China.
c) While dominant states seek complementary between their economies and those they dominate contender nations seek similarity, in terms of levels of industrial and technological development.
d) ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE

Question 14

According to the author, the power behind the FMFT view is formidable, however, this power has certainly not prevented the industrialization of contender nations in the long line that includes the industrialization of the first challengers of Britain’s industrial supremacy – the US, Germany and Japan – through to that of the Soviet Union, the state-directed post-war recoveries of Western Europe and Japan, the rise of the NICS and now, that of the BRIC’s and other emerging economies.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

About economic growth and planned industrialization in India:

Answer 15

a) The biggest break in Modern India’s growth came after the independence of India, with the 3.5 percent “hindu rate of growth” from independence to 1980.
b) Estimates indicate a minimal 1 percent average annual growth in national income and a negligible 0.2 percent growth in per capita national income between 1900 to 1947.
c) In sharp contrast with the colonial period, the average annual growth in the period 1950 to 2004/5 reached a 4.2 per cent per annum growth in GDP and 2.1 per cent per annum growth in per capita income.
d) ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE

Question 16

About planned industrialization in India, which of the following proposition is false:

Answer 16

The power of dominant castes, best represented in the state legislatures and governments, ensured that land reform was the vehicle to a more equal distribution of land among India’s peasants and a sustained increase agricultural productivity.

Question 17

In relationship with the “slow-motion counterrevolution” against planned industrialization, what is false?

Answer 17

During the process of economic growth in India, rich peasants, landlords and poor farmers transformed into capitalist farmers and then capitalists

Question 18

The impressive economic growth of India domestically was based on some key factors, among them:

Answer 18

a) Expansion of middle-class consumption mainly due to higher salaries in the state sector.
b) State investment grew steady during the 1970’s, 1980’s,1990s and the early 2000s.
c) Indian exports began a steep rise, touching 20 percent in the mid-2000s and experience a massive diversification.
d) ONLY A AND C

Question 19

Which statement about the critical shortcomings of the growth pattern of India is false:

Answer 19

One estimate concluded that 50 percent of jobs in the Indian economy were in 2004 in the informal sector.

Question 20

Perhaps the most important shortcomings of the pattern of growth seen in the neoliberal decades is that, after an initial spurt of growth in agriculture, that still critical sector of the Indian economy which employs nearly half its workforce, has entered an acute crisis.

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

What is false with respect to the agrarian crisis:

Answer 21

Noticing that farmers were left financially vulnerable, concessional flows of credit to farmers was increased.

Question 22

A critical aspect in the advances of industry during the process of ISI was the formation of an industrial bourgeoisie. One aspect in common to the industrialization cases of Brazil and Argentina was the emergence of industrialists from the landed oligarchy: for Argentina, it was the Pampean oligarchy, while for Brazil it was the coffee producers, principally from São Paulo, that constituted the main base for the formation of an industrial bourgeoisie. Which of the following is not among the aspects related with the expansion of industry in these countries?

Answer 22

The most successful industries were those linked to the domestic market.

Question 23

The Brazilian Industry grew significantly during the Vargas government in the 1930 ́s; and the second stage of ISI in Brazil advanced significantly with Kubitschek during the 1950s, with successful results in automobile industry, electrical and heavy machinery, naval construction among others.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

For Brazil and its ISI, the role of the private banks with respect to credit was critical, because they were the main source of financing for the new industry.

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

In Brazil, during the end of the 1960s and the 1970s, the military government accelerated industrialization, applying high tariff barriers and Brazil experienced a strengthening of their industry, with the expansion in the production of consumer durables, capital goods and other industrial inputs.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

The industrial park in Argentina was able to grow significantly during the 1940s, especially in the sector of non-durable consumer goods, primarily for local consumption.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

In Argentina, implementation by Perón ́s government, of a combination of tariff and non- tariff barriers to protect the internal market, generated successful results in heavy industry like steel and machinery sectors but not in the automobile sector.

Answer 27

FALSE

Question 28

In 1976, the “junta” came to power and changed the importance of Argentina’s industry. The goal of the junta ́s neoliberal program in Argentina was to pass from manufacturing industry to agro-industry. Among the consequences: a drop of 6% in industrial employment, and a shrink of 7% in industrial production from 1975 to 1981.

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

During the 1980’s Latin America suffered the external debt crisis; this decade is known as de “lost decade” for Latin America. With respect to Argentina, the second wave of deindustrialization came in Argentina with the government of Menem in the 1990s.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

What is false about Neoliberal Globalization and deindustrialization in Latin America:

Answer 30

The neoliberal policies implemented in Brazil didn ́t affect much to the industry because Brazilian firms had the comparative advantage to compete in international markets.

Question 31

Which of the following statements about deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest is false:

Answer 31

The Amazon is not a frontier for capital accumulation yet.

Question 32

What is FALSE about the indicators of education:

Answer 32

In many developing countries teachers’ salaries are low, the school buildings are decrepit, and there are not sufficient funds for textbooks or scientific equipment, nevertheless, with the aid of the richest countries, the ratio of students per teacher is low.

Question 33

What is FALSE about health of world population:

Answer 33

The geography of life expectancy is another measure of the health and welfare of a population.
People in developed countries have a life expectancy often more than 75 years but in
developing countries the average life expectancy is 40 years.

Question 34

According to the five-stage model of development:

Answer 34

a) Every country in the world is in one of these stages.
b) LDCs will use this model to follow the steps of developed countries.
c) The international trade approach keeps countries competitive by forcing industries to
develop along world standards.
d) ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE

Question 35

About the World-system theory which of the following propositions is false:

Answer 35

The hegemonic power relies on military power to extract the surplus value of the periphery.

Question 36

The emerging markets ́ definition of Marois argues that financial imperatives have become much more significant and has developed the idea of ‘emerging finance capitalism’ - an era wherein the collective interests of financial capital principally shape the logical options and choices of government and state elites over and above those of labor and popular classes. This definition may be classified as:

Answer 36

Critical scholars ́definition