QUIZ questions Flashcards
The “Westernization movement” failed miserably when China lost the 1894-1895 war to Japan
TRUE
Social tensions and internal conflicts within the Communist Party leadership were calmed by the failure of the Great Leap Forward and the following famine.
FALSE
As working class and urban middle class were growing, they began to demand a growing range of:
a) Economic rights
b) Social rights
c) Political rights
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE IS CORRECT
What usually happens when a country reaches a non- agricultural employment of 70%?
Surge of working-class struggles and major political instabilities
How did the West act to create a favorable situation within their own working classes?
Developing the welfare state
About China and the capitalist world system we know that for about 2000 years before modern times, China was one of the world’s largest economies by population and total economic output. And, also, historical compiled shows that by 1820, China’s share of world economic output was around 10 percent.
FALSE
About China and the capitalist world system we know that the Opium war and the Nanjing Treaty marked the beginning of China’s incorporation into the capitalist world system in such a way that by the early twentieth century, China was just a “semi-colonial” peripheral member of the world system
TRUE
The Chinese Revolution succeeded in creating a new state structure by destroying the “three big mountains” of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism. The new People’s Republic was able to mobilize economic surplus for rapid industrialization. This was made possible despite the reduced mobilization of the lower social classes especially the peasants.
FALSE
The “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” was met with fierce resistance from the Party and finally brought to an end by the intervention of the army. By the early 1970’s the Chinese revolution was in retreat. Mao decided that the best way forward was to pursue rapprochement with the western capitalist countries. As China re-accelerated industrialization using imported western technology, China began to be re-integrated into the capitalist international division of labor.
TRUE
As the United States emerged from the Second World War as the undisputed hegemonic power, it led the post -1945 global capitalist restructuring. For about a quarter of a century after the Second World War, global capitalism enjoyed unprecedented boom. However, the long economic boom depleted the remaining rural surplus labor force in the core and the semi-periphery leading to a global accumulation crisis. In this context, China’s capitalist transition, by providing the capitalist world system with a large cheap labor force had played a pivotal role in the global capital relocation in the late twentieth century.
TRUE
About China and the capitalist world system we know that for about 2,000 years before modern times, China was one of the world’s largest economies by population and total economic output. And, also, historical data compiled shows that by 1820, China’s share of world economic output was around:
33%
According to the author, what is false about free market free trade view of development and the developmentalist approach:
The contest between the FMFT approach advocated by the dominant economies of the world and the developmentalist approach of its contender economies started with the rise of the BRICs.
According to the author, what is true about FMFT view of development and the developmentalist approach:
a) Hegemonic world structures are not constant and unchanging, because some nations seek to challenge it through combined or contender development, hothousing industrial development by protecting and planning their economies.
b) Challenges to hegemonic world structures can take capitalist forms, as in the industrialization of the US, Germany and Japan in the late nineteenth century, or non-capitalist forms, as in that of the USSR and China.
c) While dominant states seek complementary between their economies and those they dominate contender nations seek similarity, in terms of levels of industrial and technological development.
d) ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE
According to the author, the power behind the FMFT view is formidable, however, this power has certainly not prevented the industrialization of contender nations in the long line that includes the industrialization of the first challengers of Britain’s industrial supremacy – the US, Germany and Japan – through to that of the Soviet Union, the state-directed post-war recoveries of Western Europe and Japan, the rise of the NICS and now, that of the BRIC’s and other emerging economies.
TRUE
About economic growth and planned industrialization in India:
a) The biggest break in Modern India’s growth came after the independence of India, with the 3.5 percent “hindu rate of growth” from independence to 1980.
b) Estimates indicate a minimal 1 percent average annual growth in national income and a negligible 0.2 percent growth in per capita national income between 1900 to 1947.
c) In sharp contrast with the colonial period, the average annual growth in the period 1950 to 2004/5 reached a 4.2 per cent per annum growth in GDP and 2.1 per cent per annum growth in per capita income.
d) ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE TRUE
About planned industrialization in India, which of the following proposition is false:
The power of dominant castes, best represented in the state legislatures and governments, ensured that land reform was the vehicle to a more equal distribution of land among India’s peasants and a sustained increase agricultural productivity.
In relationship with the “slow-motion counterrevolution” against planned industrialization, what is false?
During the process of economic growth in India, rich peasants, landlords and poor farmers transformed into capitalist farmers and then capitalists
The impressive economic growth of India domestically was based on some key factors, among them:
a) Expansion of middle-class consumption mainly due to higher salaries in the state sector.
b) State investment grew steady during the 1970’s, 1980’s,1990s and the early 2000s.
c) Indian exports began a steep rise, touching 20 percent in the mid-2000s and experience a massive diversification.
d) ONLY A AND C
Which statement about the critical shortcomings of the growth pattern of India is false:
One estimate concluded that 50 percent of jobs in the Indian economy were in 2004 in the informal sector.
Perhaps the most important shortcomings of the pattern of growth seen in the neoliberal decades is that, after an initial spurt of growth in agriculture, that still critical sector of the Indian economy which employs nearly half its workforce, has entered an acute crisis.
TRUE
What is false with respect to the agrarian crisis:
Noticing that farmers were left financially vulnerable, concessional flows of credit to farmers was increased.
A critical aspect in the advances of industry during the process of ISI was the formation of an industrial bourgeoisie. One aspect in common to the industrialization cases of Brazil and Argentina was the emergence of industrialists from the landed oligarchy: for Argentina, it was the Pampean oligarchy, while for Brazil it was the coffee producers, principally from São Paulo, that constituted the main base for the formation of an industrial bourgeoisie. Which of the following is not among the aspects related with the expansion of industry in these countries?
The most successful industries were those linked to the domestic market.
The Brazilian Industry grew significantly during the Vargas government in the 1930 ́s; and the second stage of ISI in Brazil advanced significantly with Kubitschek during the 1950s, with successful results in automobile industry, electrical and heavy machinery, naval construction among others.
TRUE
For Brazil and its ISI, the role of the private banks with respect to credit was critical, because they were the main source of financing for the new industry.
FALSE
