quiz questions - final exam

Question 1

Adaptation

Answer 1

traits that increase survival and reproduction in a population

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

changes in genetic makeup of a population over time

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

groups of interbreeding organisms

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

changes in the natural world cause differences in survivorship of individuals

Question 5

A hypothesis is a:

Answer 5

a testable scientific idea that can be rejected

Question 6

T/F: Both comparative and controlled experiments can be designed for all studies.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Statistics can be used in experiments to:

Answer 7

compare variables in different samples

Question 8

T/F: Scientists follow the same method for every type of study.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

When scientists use a closely related organism to test ideas about another organism, this is called:

Answer 9

model organism

Question 10

how do you correctly type a species name?

Answer 10

Homo sapiens (italics)

Question 11

Drastic changes in Earth’s climate cause what phenomena?

Answer 11

sea level rise, flooding, more severe and frequent storms, droughts

Question 12

All life is united by the following EXCEPT:

A. use a common genetic code
B. extract energy from the environment
C. regulate an external environment
D. made up of cells

Answer 12

C. regulate an external environment

Question 13

Biology is the study of:

Answer 13

fossils and modern life

Question 14

Darwin’s idea that species can change over time was:

Answer 14

radical at the time because the most popular belief was that God created everything perfectly, so species should not change

Question 15

T/F: Darwin loved medical school and graduated near the top of his class.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

In science, what is a theory?

Answer 16

a well supported, well substantiated group of tested hypotheses

Question 17

Natural selection is:

Answer 17

descent with modification through different selective pressures

Question 18

Mutations are:

Answer 18

The source of genetic variation

Question 19

In a population of toads, allele ‘A’ is present at a frequency of 0.2, and allele ‘a’ is present at a frequency of 0.8. Based on Hardy-Weinberg expectations, what is the frequency of genotype Aa in the population?

Answer 19

0.32

Question 20

In a population of ladybugs, individuals with few spots and individuals with a lot of spots have an increased risk of predation, but individuals with some spots survive better. This is an example of which kind of selection?

Answer 20

Stabilizing

Question 21

Body size in deer changes with latitude.

What is this an example of?

Answer 21

clinal variation

Question 22

A lake supports right-mouthed and left-mouthed parasitic fish.

What is this an example of?

Answer 22

frequency-dependent selection

Question 22

Individuals with pink flowers attract more bees than individuals with white or red flowers.

What is this an example of?

Answer 22

heterozygote advantage

Question 23

Consider if a meteorite hit the planet. That situation could lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A. A better understanding of the processes of evolution.
B. A population bottleneck.
C. Increased genetic drift.
D. A new indicator in the fossil record.

Answer 23

A. A better understanding of the processes of evolution.

Question 24

Consider the example of the tail extensions in Luna moths. These tail extensions are considered an _______ because they are a favored trait spread through the population by natural selection.

Answer 24

adaptation

Question 25

A tree can be rotated around which of the following, and retain the same meaning?

Answer 25

node

Question 26

Which species concept would paleontologists likely use to group fossil remains into species?

Answer 26

Morphological species concept

Question 27

The biological species concepts can be applied to all of the following scenarios EXCEPT: A. Populations of fish that live in slightly different areas in a lake are not the same species B. identifying if 2 similar looking populations of frogs that live in the same area are the same species C. Bacteria that reproduce asexually D. Understanding that Robins that live in Boston are the same species as Robins that live in Maryland

Answer 27

C. Bacteria that reproduce asexually

Question 28

One of the drawbacks of the morphological species concept is that:

Answer 28

males and females can look different

Question 29

Which statement about the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation is FALSE? A. It requires different mutations occurring in each of the two populations. B. It can involve combinations of chromosomal rearrangements. C. It requires selection to act differently in the two populations. D. It can involve combinations of single genes.

Answer 29

C. It requires selection to act differently in the two populations.

Question 30

The Isthmus of Panama cut off gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific populations of a species of fish. The cessation of gene flow led to the accumulation of genetic differences between the populations, which then led to reproductive isolation. Now, Atlantic and Pacific populations of this fish are separate species that cannot interbreed, even if they were again to come into contact with each other. The process described here is that of:

Answer 30

allopatric speciation

Question 31

What is the most likely sequence of events in allopatric speciation? (Geographic barrier, reproductive isolation, genetic divergence)

Answer 31

Geographic barrier, genetic divergence, reproductive isolation

Question 32

The sperm of one species of fish is chemically incompatible with the eggs of a closely related species. This type of reproductive isolating barrier is called:

Answer 32

gametic isolation

Question 32

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive, but are sterile. This is an example of:

Answer 32

hybrid infertility

Question 33

Founder events, where a few members of a population arrive in a new habitat, can lead to _____, where many new species evolve from that founding population.

Answer 33

adaptive radiation

Question 34

Which statement about speciation is true? A. Herbivorous insects typically have higher speciation rates compared with insects that prey on other insects. B. Species that disperse widely have higher speciation rates than those with limited dispersal. C. Sexual selection seems to decrease speciation rates. D. Wind-pollinated plants typically have higher speciation rates than animal-pollinated plants.

Answer 34

A. Herbivorous insects typically have higher speciation rates compared with insects that prey on other insects.

Question 35

When 2 groups can no longer exchange genes, this is called:

Answer 35

reproductive isolation

Question 36

We can use minerals that orient themselves to the Earth’s magnetic field to date rocks, in a method called:

Answer 36

paleomagnetic dating

Question 37

The Earth’s magnetic field comes from:

Answer 37

the spinning of the Earth’s core

Question 38

You observe of series of rock strata and see a small fossil shell in one layer, and a fossil insect in the layer above it. Which of the following statements is true:

Answer 38

the fossil insect is younger than the fossil shell

Question 39

Which of the following statements about atmospheric oxygen is false? A. atmospheric oxygen levels have not changed over Earth’s history B. at first, atmospheric oxygen was toxic to the organisms that were around C. higher atmospheric oxygen levels have led to the evolution of giant organisms D. prokaryotes were the first organisms to produce free oxygen

Answer 39

A. atmospheric oxygen levels have not changed over Earth’s history

Question 40

T/F: Large-scale volcanic eruptions can have an effect on global climate

Answer 40

True

Question 41

A population of sharks was reduced from 10,000 to 100 individuals. Those individuals are now having a harder time finding each other in order to reproduce. This is an example of:

Answer 41

the allee effect

Question 42

How many mass extinctions are recorded in the fossil record?

Answer 42

5

Question 43

The current geological era is the_______.

Answer 43

Cenozoic

Question 44

Place the following events in the right order from oldest to youngest. Mammoths roam the tundra Armored fish roam the seas Dinosaurs take over the land The first prokaryotes appear Multicellular eukaryotes evolve

Answer 44

Place the following events in the right order from oldest to youngest. The first prokaryotes appear Multicellular eukaryotes evolve Armored fish roam the seas Dinosaurs take over the land Mammoths roam the tundra

Question 45

Archaea are different from bacteria because archaea:

Answer 45

have ether linkages in their cell membranes

Question 45

When a prokaryote transfers genes from one individual to another, that is called:

Answer 45

lateral gene transfer

Question 46

The genetic material used to understand phylogenetic relationships of prokaryotes is:

Answer 46

rRNA

Question 47

The first division in the tree of life is between:

Answer 47

archaea and bacteria

Question 48

Looking under a microscope, you see a prokaryote with a long flagellum that moves in a corkscrew pattern. It is a:

Answer 48

spirochete

Question 49

The microbiome consists of:

Answer 49

the assemblage of prokaryotes that live in and on us

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a type of virus: A. retrovirus B. single-stranded RNA C. single-stranded DNA D. double-stranded DNA

Answer 50

C. single-stranded DNA

Question 51

Phage therapy can help:

Answer 51

combat bacterial infections

Question 52

Common vaccine side-effects include redness/soreness at the injection site because of which aspect of the immune response:

Answer 52

innate immunity