Quiz Questions And Things Like It Flashcards
During systole, the left arterial pressure rapidly exceeds left ventricle pressure
False
The first heart sound, S1 was produced by the closure of the valve between left ventricle and aorta, T or F?
False
The fourth heart sound, S4 marks______
Atrial contraction
During expiration, which of the following heart sounds splits into two sounds?
None of them
S2 splits during inhalation
What are heart murmurs caused by
- stenotic valve
- a valve that fails to fully close (aortic regurgitation)
What is the pacemaker of the heart
The SA node
Which wave is arterial depolarization
P wave
Which wave is downward deflection from septal depolarization
Q wave
What wave is downward deflection following an R wave
S wave
What wave is ventricular repolarization
T wave
What is the most common symptom of coronary heart disease
Chest pain
When patient has palpitations, ____ is indicated
ECG
You can detect pulses from which of the arteries from the arm and hands?
Brachial artery
Ulnar artery
Why are the leg veins susceptible to irregular dilation and compression
Because of their weaker wall structure
What lymph node is accessible to physical examination
Pre-auricular
Cervical
Axillary
Nodes in the arms and legs
What are the early warning signs of peripheral arterial disease?
- fatigue, aching, numbness, or pain that limits walking or exertion in the legs; if present, identify the location. Ask about ED
- any poorly healing or non healing wounds of the legs or feet
- any pain present when at rest in the lower leg to foot and changes when standing or supine
- abdominal pain after meals associated with food fear and weight loss
- any first degree relatives with an AAA
What is a likely symptom of someone whom you suspect has peripheral venous disease
Edema in the calf and leg
Which pulse is closest to the thumb
Radial pulse
Which pulse can you feel in the foot
Dorsalis pedis pulse
What is it called when you can press on someone’s swollen leg and it does not rebound quickly
Pitting edema
When mapping varicose veins, what indicates that the two parts of the vein are connected
Palpable pressure wave when pressing on one part of the vein
You so a examination of the thorax for a horners syndrome suspect patient. Which of the following findings would further support your diagnosis?
No resonance through the stethoscope when placed on the thorax near the apex of one lung and clear resonance in all other areas
The thorax of the mammalian animal contains which of the following organs
Lungs and heart
Pressure of the ventricles during systole
Period of ventricular contraction
Pressure in the LV rises, from less than 5mmHg in its resting state to a normal peak of 120mmHg
Pressure of ventricles in diastole
Ventricular relaxation
- ventricular pressure falls further to below 5mmHg, and blood flows from he atrium to ventricle
- late in diastole, ventricular pressure rises slightly during inflow of blood from atrial contraction
The optic valve is open during what
Systole
-allowing ejection of blood from LV to Amrita
The mitral valve is closed when
During systole
-preventing blood from regurgitating back into the LA
Aortic valve during diastole
Closed
-preventing regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the LV
Mitral valve during diastole
Open
-allowing blood to flow from the LA into the relaxed LV
S1
Closure of the mitral valve
S2
Closureof the aortic valve
S3
Third heart sound in young children and young adults
-arises from rapid deceleration of the column of blood against the ventricular wall
In older adults, its called S3 gallop, usually indicates a pathological change in the ventricular compliance
S4
Atrial contraction
Splitting of S2
A2: closure of aortic valve
P2: closure of pulmonic valves
Happens during INHALATION
Expiration will cause the sounds to fuse back to one
Pulse in the leg
Popliteal artery behind the knee
These veins carry 90% of the venous return from the lower extremeities
Deep veins of the legs
-great saphenous and small saphenous
Peripheral artery disease symptoms
- persisting abdominal pain, ask about related “fear of food” weight loss, or dark stop;
- pain or cramping in th legs during exertion that is relieved by rest within 10m, called intermittent claudicaiton
- coldness, numbness, or pillow in the legs or feet to loss of hair over the anterior tibial surfaces
Intermittent claudication
Peripheral artery disease
-pain or cramping in the legs upon exertion
Pain or swelling of the calf or leg is a sign of
Peripheral venous disease
Symptoms of acute arterial occlusion from embolism or thrombosis
Pain and numbness or tingling
- the limb distal to the occlusion becomes cold, pale, and pulseless
- pursue emergency treatment
Mapping varicose veins
- can demonstrate their presence and origin
- with the patient standing, place your palpating finger gently on a vein and, with tour other hand below, compress the vein sharply. Feel for pressure wave transmitted to the fingers of your upper hand. A palpable pressure wave indicates that the two parts of the vein are connected
- a wave may also be transmitted downward by not as easily
How do you assess the competency of venous valves?
- trendeleburg test to assess the valves of the communicating veins and the saphenous system
- with the patient supine, elevate one leg about 90 degree to empty it of venous blood
- occlude the great saphenous vein in the upper thigh by manual compression, using enough pressure to occlude this vein but not the deeper vessles
- ask patient to stand. While you keep the vein occluded, watch for venous filling in the leg
- after standing for 20s, release the compression and look for sudden additional venous filling
- normal, slow filling continues because competent valves in the saphenous vein block retrograde flow
- when both steps of this test are normal, the repsosne is negative-negative
