Quiz questions and answers Flashcards
What is methodology in research?
A set of principles that directs research.
What is a quantitative methodology concerned with?
Phenomena that can be objectively measured.
The results must only be clearly described in words for quantitative research , true or false?
False
What are case control studies?
A type of observational study
Is triangulation of the relationship one of the Bradford Hill criteria for causation?
No
What is null hypothesis testing?
Where a statement is made about there being ‘no difference’ between groups.
In quantitative research terms what is an ‘aim’?
The overall/broad statement of what you intend to do.
What is a ‘study sample’?
Patients drawn from the study population.
What is the main reason for using randomisation to allocate treatments to patients in a controlled trial?
To prevent certain types of bias
What is a method of allocation least likely to achieve balance of important patient characteristics between groups?
Simple randomisation
Reliability addresses whether…
Repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances
The main outcome for a study is called?
The primary outcome
Validity in a study means?
The measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
What is a threat to internal validity in a trail?
Maturation.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
A participant’s response to being in a study
What is a type 2 error?
A false negative result
What ‘p value’ is the most statistically significant?
p≤0.001
What are statistics that produce ‘p values’ called?
Inferential statistics
What is baseline data?
The data that is collected before the intervention but after the recruitment
Which level of measurement has a fixed zero?
Ratio
When is qualitative research useful?
When little is known about a subject or problem.
Samples in qualitative studies are usually small or big?
Small
Qualitative researchers believe what?
That the social world is constructed through human activity
What is phenomenology?
A methodological approach that studies the lived experience of individuals
What was Deborah Ward’s study of student’s experience of infection control in clinical placements?
A general qualitative approach
Do qualitative samples need to represent the population from which they came?
No
What is the strongest sampling strategy in qualitative research?
Purposive
What is the sample size in qualitative research best determined by?
Data saturation
What does purposive sampling involve?
Selecting participants who can give the most information.
What is an interview topic guide?
A set of headings that guides the discussion
Why can focus groups be useful?
They encourage discussion about a topic
What is the optimal size for a focus group?
8-10
How did Deborah Ward collect the data for her study?
Semi-structured interviews
What is never an aim of qualitative data analysis?
To attribute cause
Can counting be useful in qualitative data analysis?
Yes
What do software packages in qualitative data analysis do?
They help with organizing data
What did Deborah Ward use to analyse her data?
Framework analysis
What is an audit trial?
The decisions made by the researcher to reach the conclusions presented
What does triangulation involve?
Researching the topic from different perspectives
In a qualitative paper you would expect the relationship between the researcher and participants to be…?
Described
Reliability addresses whether:
Repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances
