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ASCI2120 Exam 3 > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct order for the passing of food through the digestive system in a cow?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, rumen, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, colon, and rectum

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2
Q

The breakdown of food into smaller soluble parts so that it can absorbed into the bloodstream is called:

A

digestion

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3
Q

Which is the following is not tissue layer of alimentary canal?

A

secretin

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4
Q

Waves of muscular contractions propel the contents of digestive tract from one point to another is/are

A

peristalsis

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5
Q

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A

spleen

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6
Q

The formed elements of blood include:

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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7
Q

The protein in erythrocytes which binds oxygen is ______.

A

hemoglobin

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8
Q

The white blood cells that contain red granules in the cytoplasm and have bilobed nucleus are __________.

A

eosinophils

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9
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the lymphatic system and the blood circulatory system?

A

Lymphatic capillaries are similar to blood capillaries, but they have closed ends.

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10
Q

Which of the following cells are not involved in nonspecific (innate) immunity?

A

B cells

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11
Q

The myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of heart wall and is made up of the cardiac muscle fibers that are branched and joined end-to-end ___________.

A

intercalated discs

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12
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

A

left ventricle

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13
Q

The valve which prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle to right atria is the ______________.

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the cardiac conduction system?

A

endocardium

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15
Q

Which of the following blood flow sequences is correct?

A

arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins to heart

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16
Q

Match the correct order of capillaries

A

sinusoids capillaries: allow free exchange of water and plasma

continuous capillaries: allow diffusion of water and small solutes

fenestrated capillaries: allows rapid exchange of water and other solutes

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17
Q

Match the valves of the heart with its correspondent location

A

tricuspid valve: Right AV valve

bicuspid valve: left AV valve

pulmonary valve: at entrance of pulmonary artery

aortic valve: at entrance of the aorta

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18
Q

During the ventricular contraction, the atrioventricular valve:

A

close to prevent blood flow back into the atria

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19
Q

Which hormone increases heart rate and contractility?

A

epinephrine

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20
Q

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

A

initiating the heartbeat and setting the heart rate

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21
Q

What is the impulse order?

A
  1. an action potential is initiated in the SA node
  2. action potentials are conducted from the SA node to the atrial muscle
  3. action travels rapidly through the conduction system to the apex
  4. action potentials spread upward through the ventricular muscle
  5. resting state
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22
Q

T/F the presence of a plateau is the major difference between action potentials in cardiac and skeletal muscles

A

true

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23
Q

During the plateau phase of cardiac action potential, which ion channels are primarily responsible for maintaining membrane potential?

A

L-type calcium channels

24
Q

What are the steps of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. atria systole
  2. atrial systole ends
  3. ventricular systole
  4. ventricular ejection
  5. ventricular diastole
25
Q

What did the great duke great dane have?

A

arrhythmia due to ventricular insufficiency

26
Q

What best describes the normal heart sounds heard in dogs using a stethoscope?

A

S1 - Lub, S2 - Dub

27
Q

What are the neural mechanisms for the cardiovascular center?

A
  • cardioacceleratory center
  • cardioinhibitory center
  • vasomotor centers
28
Q

During exercise, sympathetic nervous system activation leads to:

A
  • increased heart rate
  • increase in stove volume
  • increased cardiac output
29
Q

What is not a type of white blood cell?

A

erythrocytes

30
Q

Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for defending the body against infections?

A

neutrophils

31
Q

T/F Hemoglobin consists of four heme groups, each containing an iron ion

A

true

32
Q

The characteristics of hemoglobin conformation:

A

Oxyhemoglobin
- gases from lungs to peripheral tissues
- bright red
- it is usually transported in high pressure

Deoxyhemoglobin
- gasses from tissue to lungs
- dark red
- it is found in venules

33
Q

What are the functions of the blood cell types?

A
  1. Neutrophil: phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances
  2. basophil: releases histamine, promoting inflammation and heparin, which prevents clotting formation
  3. eosinophil: it shows higher cell counts in certain parasitic infection
  4. lymphocyte: produces antibodies and other chemical and regulates the immune system
  5. monocyte: phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells fragments and other debris within tissues
34
Q

The correct order of the hemostasis events:

A
  1. A cut triggers vascular spas,, smooth muscles contract, and endothelial cell membranes become “sticky”
  2. Attachment of platelets to exposed surfaces, to perform aggregation to from a plug
  3. Converts circulation fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, trapping the blood cells to form a blood clot
35
Q

What is not a function of lymph nodes?

A

Regulation of red blood cells levels

36
Q

_____1_____ immunity is ______2_____ and provides immediate defense against pathogens upon the first exposure

A
  1. innate
  2. nonspecific
37
Q

What is not a component of nonspecific immunity?

A

antibodies

38
Q

Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies in specific immunity?

A

B cells

39
Q

Specific immunity and their functions

A
  1. antibodies: neutralization of antigens
  2. helper T cells: production of cytokines to activate other immune cells
  3. cytotoxic T cells: direct killing of infected cells
  4. memory cells: rapid and enhanced response upon re-exposure to a pathogen
40
Q

T/F Antibodies are involved in the process of opsonization, enhancing the phagocytosis of pathogens by immune cells

A

True

41
Q

T/F The constant regions of antibodies determine their class and effector functions

A

True

42
Q

Which are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  1. redness
  2. pain
  3. warmth
  4. swelling
  5. loss function
43
Q

When food stretched the stomach wall, initiating local contraction in the stomach muscles to mix and grind the food, it is an example of:

A

short reflex

44
Q

Short reflexes are important for:

A

coordination local responses to changes in the luminal environment

45
Q

Function of the stomahc cells

A
  1. gastric pits: production of mucus
  2. parietal cells: production and secretion of hydrochloric acid
  3. chief cells: production and secretion of pepsinogen
  4. G-cells: production and secretion of gastrin
46
Q

When food enters the stomach, the acidic environment triggers the conversion of _______1______ into into its active form _____2____.

A
  1. pepsinogen
  2. pepsin
47
Q

Regulation of gastric activity with its function

A
  1. cephalic phase
    - prepare stomach for arrival of food
    - neural via preganglionic fibers in vagus nerve
  2. the gastric phase
    - stimulation of gastrin release from G cells
    - homogenize and acidify chyme
  3. the intestinal phase
    - control rate of chyme entry into duodenum
    - stimulation of CCK, GIP and secretin by presence of acid, carbohydrate, and lipids
48
Q

Ruminant anatomy parts with their functions

A
  1. rumen: symbiotic microorganisms, including bacteria,protozoa, and fungi, break down the cellulose and other complex carbohydrates present in the plant material through fermentation
  2. reticulum: collect digesta particles and move them into the omasum while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion
  3. omasum: absorbs water and nutrients from feed that passes through after its second round of chewing
  4. abomasum: digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed in the small intestine
49
Q

T/F Ruminants have the ability to utilize urea, a nitrogen-containing compound, as a source of ammonia for microbial protein in the rumen

A

true

50
Q

Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is primarily affect by vagal indigestion?

A

rumen

51
Q

Enzymes such as pancreatic amylase, lipase, and proteases break down _____1_____, _____2_____, and _______3______.

A
  1. carbohydrates/starch
  2. fats/lipids
  3. protein/peptides
52
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice?

A

neutralizing stomach acid

53
Q

What is the primary role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in digestion?

A

stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder

54
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic juice into the small intestine?

A

secretin

55
Q

T/F Considering that horses have no gallbladder, the secretion is limited and this can impact the lipid diet that is provided to these animals

A

False

56
Q

Which type of cells in the intestinal epithelium are responsible for producing music?

A

goblet cells

57
Q

Digestive hormone with its corresponding effects

A
  1. Cholecystokinin (CCK): stimulate production of pancreatic enzymes
  2. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP): stimulates release of insulin by pancreatic islets
  3. gastrin: stimulates production of acids and enzymes and increases motility
  4. secretin: inhibits gastric secretion and stimulates production of alkaline buffers

ASCI2120 Exam 3 (4 decks)

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