Quiz Prep Flashcards
Step# 5 consultation
6points
FAC CiRM
- Fair representation of all stake holders
- Answer stakeholder questions and provide promised information
- Content focused, transparency
- Complete information
- Realistic
- Material (readable, accessible)
Step #7 monitor and evaluate 4 points
Documentation Transparency Report back to stakeholders Revaluation and introspection
IAP2 increasing impact
i c i c e
- Inform - —(letter, blog, newspaper ad)
- Consult - (surveys)
- Involve - (meetings)
- Collaborate — (eg advisory committee)
- Empower - Citizen Juries
Step #2 understand Four square - describe
Keep satisfied. — manage closely
Monitor _——– Keep informed
Step 1 Plan; Who are the stakeholders SWANS and OWANS and the gap between the two 3 key points regard step1
Know organizations plans and objective - usually requires change which may be resisted Key issues - perspectives - no surprises Identify Stakeholders most likely to be affected
Sherry Arnstein ladder of participation Describe it Tokenism etc…
Pic Tokenism
List all steps is stakeholder engagement
Step 1
Three main points
BO/G o O
I to A
Identify SHs … Affected
Basic objectives/goals of organization
usually requires “change” which organizations and people in general tend to resist or be negative about
Issues to address
- perspectives
- no surprises
Identify “stakeholders” that are most likely to be affected
PLAN
SWANS and OWANS and the gaps between the 2.
What are SWANS AND OWENS?
Stakeholder wants and needs
Organisations wants and needs from stakeholders
WHAT STEP IS THIS?
wants and needs
values
urgency of issues for them
power STAKEHOLDER’S have to impact your organization
STEP 2 UNDERSTAND
STEP 2
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
DESCRIBE / EXPLAIN
Step #3 Internal Preparation & Alignment
Getting ready to engage…
- T
- RESOURCES.
- F W-W
- INDENTIFY INTERNAL ADVOCATES
- time
- resources
- Find win-win
- identify internal advocates
DESCRIBE ARNSTEIN’S LADDER
(1) Manipulation and (2) Therapy.
Levels of “non-participation” that have been contrived by some to substitute for genuine participation.
(3) Informing and (4) Consultation.
Levels of “tokenism” that allow the have-nots to hear and to have a voice BUT lack the power to insure that their views will be heeded. Rung (5) Placation is simply a higher level tokenism because the ground rules allow have-nots to advise, but retain for the powerholders the continued right to decide.
“CITIZEN POWER”
(7) Delegated Power and (8) Citizen Control, have-not citizens obtain the majority of decision-making seats, or full managerial power.
IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation was designed to assist with the selection of the level of participation that defines the public’s role in any public participation process.
The Spectrum is used internationally, and it is found in public participation plans around the world.
Rung 7 Delegated Power Arnstein’s ladder
Negotiations between citizens and public officials can also result in citizens achieving dominant decision-making authority over a particular plan or program.
eg CAA delegate agencies on which citizens have a clear majority
8 Citizen Control
Demands for community controlled schools, black control, and neighborhood control are on the increase. Though no one in the nation has absolute control, it is very important that the rhetoric not be confused with intent. People are simply demanding that degree of power (or control) which guarantees that participants or residents can govern a program or an institution, be in full charge of policy and managerial aspects, and be able to negotiate the conditions under which “outsiders” may change them.
rung 1. Manipulation
In the name of citizen participation, people are placed on rubberstamp advisory committees or advisory boards for the express purpose of “educating” them or engineering their support.
- Therapy
In some respects group therapy, masked as citizen participation, should be on the lowest rung of the ladder because it is both dishonest and arrogant.
curing them of their “pathology”
rung 3. Informing
Informing citizens of their rights, responsibilities, and options can be the most important first step toward legitimate citizen participation. However, too frequently the emphasis is placed on a one-way flow of information - from officials to citizens
- Consultation
Inviting citizens’ opinions, like informing them, can be a legitimate step toward their full participation if used with other P2 methods. But by itself, this rung of the ladder is still a sham since it offers no assurance that citizen concerns and ideas will be taken into account. The most frequent methods used for consulting people are attitude surveys, neighborhood meetings, and public hearings.
R5. Placation
It is at this level that citizens begin to have some degree of influence though tokenism is still apparent. An example of placation strategy is to place a few hand-picked “worthy” poor on _boards_ of Community Action Agencies or on public bodies like the board of education, police commission, or housing authority.
- Partnership
At this rung of the ladder, power is in fact redistributed through negotiation between citizens and powerholders. They agree to share planning and decision-making responsibilities through such structures as joint policy boards, planning committees and mechanisms for resolving impasses. After the groundrules have been established through some form of give-and-take, they are not subject to unilateral change.
- Delegated Power
Negotiations between citizens and public officials can also result in citizens achieving dominant decision-making authority over a particular plan or program.
Model City policy boards or CAA delegate agencies on which citizens have a clear majority of seats and genuine specified powers are typical examples. At this level, the ladder has been scaled to the point where citizens hold the significant cards to assure accountability of the program to them. To resolve differences, powerholders need to start the bargaining process rather than respond to pressure from the other end.
IRP2
inform
To provide the public with balanced and objective information
to assist them in understanding the problem, alternatives, opportunities and/or solutions.
Public; We will keep you informed.
Consult
Goal: To obtain public feedback on analysis, alternatives and/or decisions.
Promise to public:
We will keep you informed, listen to and acknowledge concerns and aspirations, and provide feedback on how public input influenced the decision
Involve
To work directly with the public throughout the process to ensure that public concerns and aspirations are consistently understood and considered
Promise :
We will work with you to ensure that your concerns and aspirations are directly reflected in the alternatives developed and provide feedback on how public input influenced the decision.
collaboration
To partner with the public in each aspect of the decision including the development of alternatives and the identification of the preferred solution.
We will look to you for advice and innovation in formulating solutions and incorporate your advice and recommendations into the decisions to the maximum extent possible
IRP2 EMPOWER
To place final decision making in the hands of the public.
We will implement what you decide.
Core Values for the Practice of Public Participation
Public participation is based on the belief that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process.
Public participation includes the promise that the public’s contribution will influence the decision.
Public participation promotes sustainable decisions by recognizing and communicating the needs and interests of all participants, including decision makers.
Public participation seeks out and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision.
Public participation seeks input from participants in designing how they participate.
Public participation provides participants with the information they need to participate in a meaningful way.
Public participation communicates to participants how their input affected the decision.
IAP2
IAP2 is an international association of members who seek to promote and improve the practice of public participation / public engagement in relation to individuals, governments, institutions, and other entities that affect the public interest in nations throughout the world. Our mission is to t? hrough professional development, certification, standards of practice, core values, advocacy and key initiatives with strategic partners around the world.
advance and extend the practice of public participation
Difference among engagrment stratigies
