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GEOLOGY 130 > QUIZ ONE > Flashcards

QUIZ ONE Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT WAS THE ORIGINAL APPROXIMATE AGE OF THE EARTH?

A

THE EARTH WAS BELIEVED TO BE 1000S OF YEARS OLD. OCTOBER 22ND 4004 BC

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2
Q

WHAT DID HUTTON DISCOVER AT GLEN TILT

A

HE SAW THAT THE CRYSTAL WHICH HE THOUGHT WAS THE OLDEST ACTUALLY CUT THROUGH THE HARD LAYERS

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3
Q

WHAT WAS HIS MAIN TAKEAWAY AT JEDBURGH SCOTLAND & SICCAR POINT?

A

HE REALIZED THAT THERE WERE LAYERS OF ROCK ON TOP OF OTHER LAYERS OF ROCK

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4
Q

HOW DID THE ROCKS MOVE

A

SO THEY WENT FROM FLAT TO TILTED, THEN THEY STARTED TO ERODE OR WERE CUT AND THEN NEW LAYERS WERE DEPOSITED

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5
Q

WHAT COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLE SHOWS THAT THE OLDEST ROCKS APPEAR AT THE BOTTOM AND THEN NEW LAYERS ARE ON TOP OF IT

A

SUPERPOSITION

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6
Q

WHAT COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLE DEALS WITH THE FACT THAT THE ROCKS ARE INITIAL IN A FLAT LINE LIKE _________

A

ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY

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7
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE SAYS THAT THERE ARE MANY LAYERS ALL GOING LEFT AND RIGHT

A

LATERALLY CONTINUOUS

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8
Q

what principle says that the more recent portions of a rock will be more on top and then the older parts will be towards the bottom

A

biotic succession

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9
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE SAYS THE THING DOING THE CUTTING IS YOUNGER THAN THE THING BEING CUT

A

CROSS CUTTING RELATIONSHIP

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10
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE IS ABOUT LITTLE EXTRA THINGS THAT GOT IMPLEMENTED AS PART OF THE ROCK

A

INCLUDED FRAGMENT

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11
Q

WHICH THEORY IS ABOUT BURST OF CHANGE - SAYS WE ARE IN A LULL RN BETWEEN CHANGE

A

CATASTROPHISM

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12
Q

WHAT THEORY IS ABOUT SLOW ACCUMULATED CHANGE - IN THE SYSTEM NOW WITHIN THE CHANGE

A

GRADUALISM

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13
Q

THE PRESENT IS THE KEY TO THE PAST - TYPES OF ROCKS AND OTHER THINGS ARE NOW AS THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN

A

UNIFORMITARIANISM

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14
Q

OLDER THAN YOUNGER THAN SHIT IS

A

RELATIVE AGE DATING

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15
Q

DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF ELEMENTS (SAME # PROTONS) BUT DIFFERENT # ELECTRONS

A

ISOTOPES

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16
Q

THE UNSTABLE VERSION OF ISOTOPES IS

A

RADIOACTIVE

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17
Q

THE RATE OF DECAY THAT TELLS HOW MUCH OF AN ELEMENT IS LEFT IN A ROCK AT A GIVEN TIME

A

HALF LIFE

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18
Q

THE LARGEST UNIT OF TIME THAT WE’VE GONE OVER

A

EONS

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19
Q

THESE ARE ONE LEVEL BELOW EONS AND MADE OF PERIODS

A

ERAS

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20
Q

THESE ARE ONE LEVEL BELOW ERAS AND CONTAIN STAGES

A

PERIODS

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21
Q

THE LAST UNIT OF TIME IN THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

A

PERIODS

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22
Q

WE ARE IN THIS ERA

A

Cenozoic

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23
Q

WE ARE IN THIS PERIOD

A

THE QUATERNARY

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24
Q

WE ARE IN THIS EON

A

PHANEROZIC

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25
Q

HOW DID EARTH COME TO BE

A

IN 15GA THE UNIVERSE EXPANDED. Particles floating through space came together to form plantesmal bodies. collapse of gas clouds to eddies, through plantesmals, and then to planets

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26
Q

elements start to gather together

A

accretion

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27
Q

elements squeeze/pack together tightly

A

contraction

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28
Q

the heaviest move to the center and the lightest to the surface

A

differentiation

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29
Q

an intense meteorite bombing that hit the earth in 4.6-3.8 ga caused early plate tectonics

A

the hadean.

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30
Q

how did the elements come to the earth - what are the major ones

A

they originated in a supernova (exploding star). 20 major earth ones and then also things like hydrogen that are in the atmosphere

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31
Q

the top & least thick part of the earth’s composition

A

the crust

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32
Q

the second very thick part of the earth’s crust that goes down to 2900 ish km below the surface

A

mantle

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33
Q

third and fourth layers

A

outer core to about 5100 km deep
inner core to about 6380 km deep

34
Q

the type of crust we walk on

A

granitic

35
Q

the other type of crust that is oceanic

A

basaltic

36
Q

layer made up of some ultramafic minerals

A

uppermantle

37
Q

made up of very dense minerals and also alloy

A

core and lower mantlae

38
Q

naturally occurring substances that are physically and chemically distinctive internal lattice organization

A

minerals

39
Q

the study of minerals

A

mineralogy

40
Q

what are the two types of minerals

A

the silicates and the non silicates

41
Q

the heated floating material that is still in the earth

A

magma

42
Q

molten material extruded on the earth

A

lava

43
Q

stratovolcano

A

the basic composite volcano made of two things. has steep slopes, small and more explosive

44
Q

gentle slopes made of layers of lava flow, huge laterally and vertically, but not explosive

A

shield volcanos

45
Q

balsatic/mafic low viscosity. not explosive but huge floods of lava cover the surface

A

lava floods

46
Q

mantle sourced submarine volcanic mountain ranges at plate boundaries

A

mid ocean ridges

47
Q

two types of lava

A

Pahohu - very smooth
Aa - chunky flow

48
Q

anything that is thrown into the air and then falls

A

tephra,
bentonite - loose ash fall
tuff - heat welded ash fall

49
Q

gas, ashes chunks that usually come from a volcano

A

Pyroclasts - these are a big killer

50
Q

run parallel to beddings

A

sils

51
Q

are at angles to the beddings

A

dikes

52
Q

crystalline but the crystals are too small to see

A

aphanatic

53
Q

non crystalline solid like obsidian

A

glassy

54
Q

containing vesicles (round or elongated air pockets in an igneous rock) left behind by gas bubbles trapped in the erupted magma

A

vesicular

55
Q

this term refers to rocks containing conspicuously large crystals surrounded by much smaller, invisible crystals

A

porphyritic

56
Q

made up of crystals that you can see

A

phaneritic

57
Q

the basaltic mafic crust that is denser

A

oceanic

58
Q

the granitic (felsic/siclic) crust that is lighter

A

continental

59
Q

the lightest and upper sphere that is what the tectonic plates go around on

A

lithosphere

60
Q

the lithosphere floats on…….

A

the asthenosphere

61
Q

the pulling apart of two tectonic plates

A

divergent boundary

62
Q

what is created where the two tectonic plates pull apart

A

a rift valley

63
Q

WHAT TYPE OF ROCKS COME OUT OF THE RIDGE OF A DIVERGENT BOUNDARY

A

mafic rocks -

64
Q

what would happen if there is a convergence of one ocean plate and then one continental

A

the oceanic plate would subduct

65
Q

what would happen if there is a convergence of two oceanic plates

A

the older and colder oceanic plate would subduct

66
Q

contient - continent converging plates

A

you just wrote crunch crunch crunch

67
Q

the sliding past each other of two tectonic plates, can also be called strike slip

A

a transform boundary

68
Q

orogenic belt

A

active modern and extinct ocean belts

69
Q

other types of metamorphism

A

regional metamorphism - crunching and thickening
burial metamorphism
contact metamorphism

70
Q

other types of metamorphism

A

regional metamorphism - crunching and thickening
burial metamorphism
contact metamorphismt

71
Q

the theory of plate tectonics is developed from what theory

A

continental drift theory

72
Q

what are some evidence of the continents drifting

A

the margin fitting and the hotspot tracks
fossil and rock type distribution
sea floor striping,
the magnetism that points to the North Pole

73
Q

like an iceberg, if you move one thing the rest will float up

A

isostasy

74
Q

sediments are shed into….

A

a basin

75
Q

any depression in which sediments are thickest near ocean/ continental margins

A

basins

76
Q

sediments come from….

A

higher elevations

77
Q

physical disintegration & chemical decomposition of rock, produces solid and dissolved products

A

weathering

78
Q

the break up by expanding and contracting

A

disintegration

79
Q

when water looses the tight

A

hydration

80
Q

heat energy
comes and melts

A

thermal

81
Q

chemical weathering

A

decomposition into ions

GEOLOGY 130 (8 decks)

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