Quiz on Matter Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Macroscopic chemistry
Things that can be directly observed, felt, and measured. No need for a microscope.
Microscopic chemistry
Studying the tiny particles that all matter is made of.
What are the two kinds of physical properties?
Extrinsic and intrinsic.
Chemistry is…
The study of matter.
Define physical properties.
Things about a substance you can observe and measure without changing its chemical composition.
What do physical properties allow us to do?
Identify a substance without changing its composition.
What are some examples of extrinsic properties?
Color, texture, luster, smell.
What are some examples of intrinsic properties?
Melting point, boiling point, density.
How are intrinsic and extrinsic properties different?
Intrinsic properties cannot be merely observed; they are internal and must be measured. Extrinsic are visible or observable without measurements.
What is a physical change?
A change in which a substance does not change its identity because no chemical reactions occur. Chemical composition is not affected.
Is salt dissolving in water a physical or chemical change? Why?
Physical because the salt and water are not reacting or chemically bonding; they are still salt and water.
What is a chemical change?
A change in which one substance turns into another. Its identity changes, and a new substance is created with new properties. Chemical composition changes.
Consider this equation.
Zn+S—–>ZnS
Which are the reactants and products?
Zn and S are the reactants. ZnS is the product.
What is a substance?
A material with a uniform, definite, pure composition.
What are pure substances?
Samples of a substance with identical, uniform properties. They are only elements or compounds and cannot be broken down physically.
Chemists use___ in chemical reactions so that___.
Chemists use pure substances in chemical reactions so that results don’t vary.
Give one example of a pure susbtance.
Salt.
True or false: Substances are only gases.
False. Substances can be in any state (solid, liquid, gas).
True or false: Substances are only compounds.
False. Substances can be elements or compounds, and even mixtures. Pure substances are only elements or compounds.
True or false: Temperature may cause the state of matter a substance is in to change.
True. Temperature can affect state of matter.
What is one key property of pure substances regarding separating them?
Pure substances cannot be PHYSICALLY separated (using any physical means) into two or more different components.
True or false: Most elements in nature are found as compounds.
True.
Why are most elements in nature found as compounds?
High reactivity.
How many known elements are there (as of 2010)?
118.
How many naturally-occurring elements are there?
98.
Define element.
A pure substance that cannot be simplified, chemically changed, or broken down into another element or substance. It is the most simple form of matter with a definite set of chemical properties unique to that element.
Define compound.
A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a definite ratio.
Do compounds retain the properties of the elements they’re made of?
No. Compounds have different properties than the elements they contain.
Can compounds be physically separated into their components?
No. Compounds cannot be separated by any physical means into the elements they are made of.
Can mixtures be physically separated into their components, and do the elements in a mixture retain their properties?
Yes. Mixtures can be separated into their components by physical means, and the elements in a mixture retain their chemical properties.
What is the only way to separate compounds into their elements?
A chemical change, like heating.
A molecule is…
The tiniest particle of a compound that retains the compound’s properties.
When compounds undergo chemical changes, what is one thing that occurs?
Energy transfer/changes.
What is a chemical property?
The ability to undergo chemical change.
Define weight.
The force of gravity on mass.
Define mass.
The amount of matter in an object.
Define mixture.
A susbtance made of a physical blend of two or more substances, not chemically combined.
What are the two types of mixtures?
Homogeneous and heterogeneous.
What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?
Heterogeneous=not uniform. Homogeneous=uniform.
Is a solution a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?
Homogeneous.
What is a phase?
A state of matter that can physically change.
Name the phase change: Solid to liquid
Melting.
Name the phase change: Liquid to gas
Evaporation.
Name the phase change: Gas to liquid
Condensation.
Name the phase change: Liquid to solid
Freezing.
Name the phase change: Solid to gas
Sublimation.
Name the phase change: Gas to solid
Deposition.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas.
State of matter often is a result of this factor:
Temperature.
Each state of matter has…
Unique characteristics and physical properties.
True or false: A substance’s state is a physical property.
True.
Describe a liquid.
No definite shape (takes the shape of its container). Definite volume. Particles are attracted to each other but still move freely around each other. Cannot be compressed.
Describe a gas.
No definite shape or volume- takes the shape of its container and fills the container. Particles are barely (if at all) attracted to each other, so they move about randomly. Highly compressible.
Describe a solid.
Definite shape and volume; shape is rigid. Particles vibrate around set points. Cannot flow or be compressed.
What is an organic susbtance?
A substance that contains carbon and ultimately derives from a living thing.
Phases also refers to
The number of visible layers in a mixture
Why are compounds always homogeneous while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Because compounds are pure substances, and mixtures can have more than one phase.
