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PB Chemistry > Quiz on Matter > Flashcards

Quiz on Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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2
Q

Macroscopic chemistry

A

Things that can be directly observed, felt, and measured. No need for a microscope.

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3
Q

Microscopic chemistry

A

Studying the tiny particles that all matter is made of.

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4
Q

What are the two kinds of physical properties?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic.

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5
Q

Chemistry is…

A

The study of matter.

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6
Q

Define physical properties.

A

Things about a substance you can observe and measure without changing its chemical composition.

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7
Q

What do physical properties allow us to do?

A

Identify a substance without changing its composition.

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8
Q

What are some examples of extrinsic properties?

A

Color, texture, luster, smell.

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9
Q

What are some examples of intrinsic properties?

A

Melting point, boiling point, density.

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10
Q

How are intrinsic and extrinsic properties different?

A

Intrinsic properties cannot be merely observed; they are internal and must be measured. Extrinsic are visible or observable without measurements.

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11
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in which a substance does not change its identity because no chemical reactions occur. Chemical composition is not affected.

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12
Q

Is salt dissolving in water a physical or chemical change? Why?

A

Physical because the salt and water are not reacting or chemically bonding; they are still salt and water.

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13
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change in which one substance turns into another. Its identity changes, and a new substance is created with new properties. Chemical composition changes.

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14
Q

Consider this equation.
Zn+S—–>ZnS
Which are the reactants and products?

A

Zn and S are the reactants. ZnS is the product.

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15
Q

What is a substance?

A

A material with a uniform, definite, pure composition.

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16
Q

What are pure substances?

A

Samples of a substance with identical, uniform properties. They are only elements or compounds and cannot be broken down physically.

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17
Q

Chemists use___ in chemical reactions so that___.

A

Chemists use pure substances in chemical reactions so that results don’t vary.

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18
Q

Give one example of a pure susbtance.

A

Salt.

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19
Q

True or false: Substances are only gases.

A

False. Substances can be in any state (solid, liquid, gas).

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20
Q

True or false: Substances are only compounds.

A

False. Substances can be elements or compounds, and even mixtures. Pure substances are only elements or compounds.

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21
Q

True or false: Temperature may cause the state of matter a substance is in to change.

A

True. Temperature can affect state of matter.

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22
Q

What is one key property of pure substances regarding separating them?

A

Pure substances cannot be PHYSICALLY separated (using any physical means) into two or more different components.

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23
Q

True or false: Most elements in nature are found as compounds.

A

True.

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24
Q

Why are most elements in nature found as compounds?

A

High reactivity.

25
Q

How many known elements are there (as of 2010)?

A

118.

26
Q

How many naturally-occurring elements are there?

A

98.

27
Q

Define element.

A

A pure substance that cannot be simplified, chemically changed, or broken down into another element or substance. It is the most simple form of matter with a definite set of chemical properties unique to that element.

28
Q

Define compound.

A

A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a definite ratio.

29
Q

Do compounds retain the properties of the elements they’re made of?

A

No. Compounds have different properties than the elements they contain.

30
Q

Can compounds be physically separated into their components?

A

No. Compounds cannot be separated by any physical means into the elements they are made of.

31
Q

Can mixtures be physically separated into their components, and do the elements in a mixture retain their properties?

A

Yes. Mixtures can be separated into their components by physical means, and the elements in a mixture retain their chemical properties.

32
Q

What is the only way to separate compounds into their elements?

A

A chemical change, like heating.

33
Q

A molecule is…

A

The tiniest particle of a compound that retains the compound’s properties.

34
Q

When compounds undergo chemical changes, what is one thing that occurs?

A

Energy transfer/changes.

35
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

The ability to undergo chemical change.

36
Q

Define weight.

A

The force of gravity on mass.

37
Q

Define mass.

A

The amount of matter in an object.

38
Q

Define mixture.

A

A susbtance made of a physical blend of two or more substances, not chemically combined.

39
Q

What are the two types of mixtures?

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous.

40
Q

What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous=not uniform. Homogeneous=uniform.

41
Q

Is a solution a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?

A

Homogeneous.

42
Q

What is a phase?

A

A state of matter that can physically change.

43
Q

Name the phase change: Solid to liquid

A

Melting.

44
Q

Name the phase change: Liquid to gas

A

Evaporation.

45
Q

Name the phase change: Gas to liquid

A

Condensation.

46
Q

Name the phase change: Liquid to solid

A

Freezing.

47
Q

Name the phase change: Solid to gas

A

Sublimation.

48
Q

Name the phase change: Gas to solid

A

Deposition.

49
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas.

50
Q

State of matter often is a result of this factor:

A

Temperature.

51
Q

Each state of matter has…

A

Unique characteristics and physical properties.

52
Q

True or false: A substance’s state is a physical property.

A

True.

53
Q

Describe a liquid.

A

No definite shape (takes the shape of its container). Definite volume. Particles are attracted to each other but still move freely around each other. Cannot be compressed.

54
Q

Describe a gas.

A

No definite shape or volume- takes the shape of its container and fills the container. Particles are barely (if at all) attracted to each other, so they move about randomly. Highly compressible.

55
Q

Describe a solid.

A

Definite shape and volume; shape is rigid. Particles vibrate around set points. Cannot flow or be compressed.

56
Q

What is an organic susbtance?

A

A substance that contains carbon and ultimately derives from a living thing.

57
Q

Phases also refers to

A

The number of visible layers in a mixture

58
Q

Why are compounds always homogeneous while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous?

A

Because compounds are pure substances, and mixtures can have more than one phase.

PB Chemistry (9 decks)

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