Gas Laws Flashcards
What is temperature?
A measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.
More kinetic energy= more or less movement?
More.
More kinetic energy= higher or lower temperature?
Higher.
Are molecules always in motion?
Yes.
Do substances in the solid phase still have molecular motion?
Yes.
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE= (1/2)mv^2 (One-half times mass times velocity squared)
Celsius is also called…
Centigrade.
What are the two units used in science to measure temperature?
Celsius and Kelvin.
Celsius is based on…
The melting point and boiling point of water.
What are the melting and boiling points of water in Celsius?
Melting/freezing= 0 degrees C, boiling= 100 degrees C.
Kelvin based on…
Absolute zero.
What is absolute zero?
The (theoretical) temperature at which all molecular motion stops.
How do you convert Celsius into Kelvin?
K= C + 273.15
How do you convert Kelvin into Celsius?
C= K - 273.15
What is pressure?
Force per unit area.
Formula for pressure
P= force/area
N/m^2 is a unit of …
pressure.
Newtons per meter squared is also equal to…
Pascals. (Pa)
What is the metric (SI) unit for pressure?
Pa (pascals).
What is the English system unit for pressure?
lbs/in^2 or psi
What is standard pressure?
Pressure at sea level.
Standard pressure in pascals
101,300 Pa
Standard pressure in kilopascals
101.3 kPa
Standard pressure in psi
14.7 psi
Standard pressure in inches of mercury
29.92 inHg
Standard pressure in millimeters of mercury
760 mmHg
Standard pressure in torr
760 torr
Standard pressure in atmospheres
1 atm
What does a heating diagram show?
It is a line graph that shows at what temperatures the phase changes occur.
What is a phase diagram/what does it show?
It has a y-axis of pressure and an x-axis of temperature and shows at what pressure and temperature the phase changes can occur. It looks like a y-shape.
What is the relationship between altitude and pressure? What does the graph look like?
As altitude increases, pressure decreases in an exponential graph.
What does STP stand for?
Standard tempertaure and pressure.
What is STP?
1 atm/101.3 kPa and 0 degrees C.
What does SATP stand for?
Standard ambient temperature and pressure.
What is SATP?
25 degrees C, 101.3 kPa.
How is gaseous volume measured?
Liters (L), mililiters (mL), dm^3, cm^3.
1 L=? dm^3
1 L=1 dm^3.
1 dm^3= ? cm^3
1 dm^3=1000 cm^3
How is gaseous amount measured?
of particles, moles, mass.
How is gaseous temperature measured?
Kelvin (K).
Is gaseous temperature ever measured in Celsius for gas laws and equations?
No.
How is pressure measured for gases?
atm or kPa
What does V stand for?
Volume.
What does T stand for?
Temperature.
What does n stand for?
Moles/mass/amount.
What is Avogadro’s Law formula?
(V1) / (n1) = (V2) / (n2) (V=volume, n= numbers of moles of gas). Originally V / n = k where k is a constant.
How is volume (V) related to the amount of a gas (n)?
As n increases, V increases. V is directly proportional to n.
How is volume (V) related to the gas temperature (T)?
As T increases, V inceases. V is directly proportional to T.
How is volume (V) related to pressure (P)?
As P increases, V decreases. V is inversely proportional to P.
When you combine the three proportionalites relating V to n, T, and P, what do you get?
The ideal gas law. PV=nRT.
In PV=nRT, R is a…
gas constant.
What is R equal to?
In IB units, 8.31 J/mol K. In American units, 0.0821 L*atm/mol K.
The IB unit for pressure (P) is…
kPa.
The American unit for pressure (P) is…
atm.
The American unit for volume (V) is…
L.
The IB unit for volume (V) is…
dm^3
The American and IB unit for temperature is…
Kelvin (K).
The American and IB unit for substance amount is…
mol.
How do you solve for pressure?
P= nRT/V
How do you solve for volume?
V= nRT/P
How do you solve for temperature?
T= PV/nR
How do you solve for moles?
n= PV/RT
What is the general formula for density?
D=m/V
What does M represent?
Molar mass
How do you solve for M (molar mass) using the ideal gas law and/or the density equation? (Give the equations.)
M= (mRT) / (PV) or M= (DRT) / (P)
*m stands for mass; D stands for density.
M is measured in…
grams per mol (g/mol)
How do you solve for density using the ideal gas law?
D= (MP) / (RT)
1 dm^3 = ? L
1 dm^3 = 1 L
When solving for molar volume, what does n (number of moles) always become in the equation? Why?
When solving for molar volume, n will always be 1 mole because molar volume is the volume of one mole.
What is molar volume?
The volume of 1 mole of the gas in question.
