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PB Chemistry > Gas Laws > Flashcards

Gas Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.

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2
Q

More kinetic energy= more or less movement?

A

More.

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3
Q

More kinetic energy= higher or lower temperature?

A

Higher.

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4
Q

Are molecules always in motion?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

Do substances in the solid phase still have molecular motion?

A

Yes.

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6
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

KE= (1/2)mv^2 (One-half times mass times velocity squared)

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7
Q

Celsius is also called…

A

Centigrade.

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8
Q

What are the two units used in science to measure temperature?

A

Celsius and Kelvin.

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9
Q

Celsius is based on…

A

The melting point and boiling point of water.

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10
Q

What are the melting and boiling points of water in Celsius?

A

Melting/freezing= 0 degrees C, boiling= 100 degrees C.

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11
Q

Kelvin based on…

A

Absolute zero.

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12
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The (theoretical) temperature at which all molecular motion stops.

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13
Q

How do you convert Celsius into Kelvin?

A

K= C + 273.15

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14
Q

How do you convert Kelvin into Celsius?

A

C= K - 273.15

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15
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force per unit area.

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16
Q

Formula for pressure

A

P= force/area

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17
Q

N/m^2 is a unit of …

A

pressure.

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18
Q

Newtons per meter squared is also equal to…

A

Pascals. (Pa)

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19
Q

What is the metric (SI) unit for pressure?

A

Pa (pascals).

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20
Q

What is the English system unit for pressure?

A

lbs/in^2 or psi

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21
Q

What is standard pressure?

A

Pressure at sea level.

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22
Q

Standard pressure in pascals

A

101,300 Pa

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23
Q

Standard pressure in kilopascals

A

101.3 kPa

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24
Q

Standard pressure in psi

A

14.7 psi

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25
Q

Standard pressure in inches of mercury

A

29.92 inHg

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26
Q

Standard pressure in millimeters of mercury

A

760 mmHg

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27
Q

Standard pressure in torr

A

760 torr

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28
Q

Standard pressure in atmospheres

A

1 atm

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29
Q

What does a heating diagram show?

A

It is a line graph that shows at what temperatures the phase changes occur.

30
Q

What is a phase diagram/what does it show?

A

It has a y-axis of pressure and an x-axis of temperature and shows at what pressure and temperature the phase changes can occur. It looks like a y-shape.

31
Q

What is the relationship between altitude and pressure? What does the graph look like?

A

As altitude increases, pressure decreases in an exponential graph.

32
Q

What does STP stand for?

A

Standard tempertaure and pressure.

33
Q

What is STP?

A

1 atm/101.3 kPa and 0 degrees C.

34
Q

What does SATP stand for?

A

Standard ambient temperature and pressure.

35
Q

What is SATP?

A

25 degrees C, 101.3 kPa.

36
Q

How is gaseous volume measured?

A

Liters (L), mililiters (mL), dm^3, cm^3.

37
Q

1 L=? dm^3

A

1 L=1 dm^3.

38
Q

1 dm^3= ? cm^3

A

1 dm^3=1000 cm^3

39
Q

How is gaseous amount measured?

A

of particles, moles, mass.

40
Q

How is gaseous temperature measured?

A

Kelvin (K).

41
Q

Is gaseous temperature ever measured in Celsius for gas laws and equations?

A

No.

42
Q

How is pressure measured for gases?

A

atm or kPa

43
Q

What does V stand for?

A

Volume.

44
Q

What does T stand for?

A

Temperature.

45
Q

What does n stand for?

A

Moles/mass/amount.

46
Q

What is Avogadro’s Law formula?

A

(V1) / (n1) = (V2) / (n2) (V=volume, n= numbers of moles of gas). Originally V / n = k where k is a constant.

47
Q

How is volume (V) related to the amount of a gas (n)?

A

As n increases, V increases. V is directly proportional to n.

48
Q

How is volume (V) related to the gas temperature (T)?

A

As T increases, V inceases. V is directly proportional to T.

49
Q

How is volume (V) related to pressure (P)?

A

As P increases, V decreases. V is inversely proportional to P.

50
Q

When you combine the three proportionalites relating V to n, T, and P, what do you get?

A

The ideal gas law. PV=nRT.

51
Q

In PV=nRT, R is a…

A

gas constant.

52
Q

What is R equal to?

A

In IB units, 8.31 J/mol K. In American units, 0.0821 L*atm/mol K.

53
Q

The IB unit for pressure (P) is…

A

kPa.

54
Q

The American unit for pressure (P) is…

A

atm.

55
Q

The American unit for volume (V) is…

A

L.

56
Q

The IB unit for volume (V) is…

A

dm^3

57
Q

The American and IB unit for temperature is…

A

Kelvin (K).

58
Q

The American and IB unit for substance amount is…

A

mol.

59
Q

How do you solve for pressure?

A

P= nRT/V

60
Q

How do you solve for volume?

A

V= nRT/P

61
Q

How do you solve for temperature?

A

T= PV/nR

62
Q

How do you solve for moles?

A

n= PV/RT

63
Q

What is the general formula for density?

A

D=m/V

64
Q

What does M represent?

A

Molar mass

65
Q

How do you solve for M (molar mass) using the ideal gas law and/or the density equation? (Give the equations.)

A

M= (mRT) / (PV) or M= (DRT) / (P)

*m stands for mass; D stands for density.

66
Q

M is measured in…

A

grams per mol (g/mol)

67
Q

How do you solve for density using the ideal gas law?

A

D= (MP) / (RT)

68
Q

1 dm^3 = ? L

A

1 dm^3 = 1 L

69
Q

When solving for molar volume, what does n (number of moles) always become in the equation? Why?

A

When solving for molar volume, n will always be 1 mole because molar volume is the volume of one mole.

70
Q

What is molar volume?

A

The volume of 1 mole of the gas in question.

PB Chemistry (9 decks)

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